Abstract: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is a disease of neonatal alveolar hypoplasia due topulmonary surfactant deficiency，which threatens to the life and health of newborn. Now a comprehensive prevention strategy has been used to treat the disease，including prenatal care，postpartum perservation of the stability of the neonatal conditions，pulmonary surfactant applications，support for treatment，and the rational allocation of medical resources.

Key words: Respiratory distress syndrome, newborn, Pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins, Infant, premature, diseases, Prenatal care