附睾小体调节精子成熟和父系表观遗传的研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20240381

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

附睾是精子成熟的关键场所，精子处于附睾管腔微环境，获得运动和受精的能力。同时，精子中小非编码RNA发生变化，还进一步参与父系跨代表观遗传。附睾小体（epididymosome）是由附睾上皮主细胞分泌的一种细胞外囊泡，包含大量蛋白质、核酸和脂质。大量研究表明，在精子成熟过程中，附睾小体中功能性的小RNA和蛋白质被传递至精子，从而发挥调节精子功能和传递表观遗传信息的作用，如微小RNA帮助维持精子的正常形态和运动状态，而半胱氨酸丰富型分泌蛋白1（cysteine rich secretory protein 1，CRISP1）可显著提高精子活力等。综述了哺乳类动物精子在附睾运输中，附睾小体通过转运功能性蛋白和小RNA以调节精子成熟的相关研究进展。

关键词: 附睾小体, 精子成熟, 表观遗传, 小非编码RNA, 蛋白质组学

Abstract:

Epididymis is the key site for sperm maturation, because sperms gain the ability of motility and fertilization in the luminal microenvironment of epididymis. During this process, the levels of small non-coding RNAs in spermatozoa dramatically change. Subsequently, the changed small non-coding RNAs participate in the paternal intergenerational epigenetics. Epididymosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by the principal cells in the epididymal epithelium, which contain a large number of proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. More and more studies documented that the epididymosomes transmitted many functional small RNAs and proteins to sperm during the sperm maturation in epididymis, thus playing a role in regulating sperm function and transmitting epigenetic information. For example, microRNA can keep the normal sperm morphology and motility, while cysteine rich secretory protein 1 (CRISP1) can significantly improve sperm motility. This review was focused on the research advances in sperm maturation via the functional proteins and small RNAs transportation regulated by the epididymosomes during the mammalian sperm transmission in epididymis.

Key words: Epididymosome, Sperm maturation, Epigenetics, Small non-coding RNA, Proteomics

张睿妍, 邓涵瑜, 陈柯欣, 马梲铫, 刘悦, 丁之德. 附睾小体调节精子成熟和父系表观遗传的研究进展[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2024, 43(6): 518-523.

ZHANG Rui-yan, DENG Han-yu, CHEN Ke-xin, MA Zhuo-yao, LIU Yue, DING Zhi-de. The Research Advances in Sperm Maturation and Paternal Epigenetic Inheritance Regulated by Epididymosomes[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2024, 43(6): 518-523.

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