Abstract: The main strategy of diagnosis of cervical lesions caused by human papillomavirus（HPV） infection is the three-steps strategy, cytological test and/or HPV testing, colposcopy and histology. Currently, the feasible transitional screening program is as follows: no routine screening for women younger than 21 years, cytological preliminary screening for women between 21 and 24 years, HPV screening and typing for women older than 25 years and cytological test for those women with positive HPV excluding 16 and 18 types, and stop HPV screening for those women over 65 years and without the history of cervical lesions. The "See and Treat" should be taken for patients with the high-grade squmous intarepithelil lesions（HSIL） diagnosed by cytological test. The regular treatment for patients with cervical lesions caused by HPV infection includes follow-up, excision and ablation. There is not an absolute method, because there are advantages and disadvantages in each therapy. The most suitable selection of the individualized treatment should be based on the residue of lesion, side effect, economic cost, age and fertility desire, and offering more adequate and reliable sample for histological examination than colposcopy.

Key words: Papillomaviridae, Infection, Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, Diagnosis, Therapy