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Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning

Table of Content

    15 March 2017, Volume 36 Issue 2
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    Effects of estrogen on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.
    2017, 36 (2):  93-96. 
    Abstract ( 1336 )   PDF (1067KB) ( 8494 )  
    【Abstract】Objectives To investigate mechanism of NFATcl in bone loss in a pastmenopausal osteoporosis(PMO)rat mode with ovarletomy(OVX) , and to explore the protective effects of exogenous estrogen in bone tissue. Methods The three months Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, OVX group, and OVX+E2 group and 10 rats in each group. In the OVX+E2 group, 17β-E2 was injected subcutaneously and the other two groups were given the same volume of normal saline. The of NFATcl in bone tissue were measured after 16 weeks. The bone mineral density (BMD), the fraction of bone tissues(BV/IV), The thickness of the trabecular bone (Tb.Th), number of trabecular bone (Tb.N) and thetrabecular spacing (Tb.SP) were measuredusing Micro-CT analysis, and serum E2 level was determined by ELISA. Results The OVX+E2 group and sham operation group compared with the OVX group, the levels of BMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N and serum E2 were significantly increased, the level of Tb.SP and NFATcl were significantly decreased. Conclusion Estrogen may prevent bone loss by decreasing NFATcl in OVX rats．
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    Up- Regulation of SET Protein in the Proliferation of GC-2 spd cells and Histone Acetylation
    2017, 36 (2):  97-102. 
    Abstract ( 1493 )   PDF (4346KB) ( 8524 )  
    Objective: To investigate the effects of SET protein on the regulation of spermiogenesis, we observe the proliferation and histone acetylation of spermatocyte cell line GC-2 spd. Methods: GC-2 spd cells were cultured in vitro and identified by the of spermatocytes’ marker LDHC(lactate dehydrogenase C) and TESK1(Testis-Specific Kinase 1). Immunoprecipitation Kit detect combination of SET and H4. The cells in control group were transfected with AdH1-siRNA/NS and experimental group were transfected with AdH1-siRNA/SET, then compare the proliferation between them. Immunoflourscence microscopy detect the and location of SET protein; Use Realtime RT-PCRand Western Blot to detect the of mRNA and protein. Results: GC-2 spd cells espress the spermatocyte marker LDHC and TESK1. SET protein is expressed in both cytoplasm and nucleus of GC-2 spg cells. Immunoprecipitation showed that SET can combine with H4. The of SET mRNA and protein transfected with AdH1-siRNA/SET was significantly decreased. Both of the cytoplasm and nucleusa SET decreased after infection by immunoflourscence microscopy; Proliferation was significantly inhibited and acetylation of H4 was increased after transfection (1.236±0.2549)( *P＜0.05); There was no significantly difference in mRNA of HATs and HDACs. Conclusions: SET protein was expressed in both cytoplasm and nucleus of GC-2 spd cells; Knockdown of SET protein inhibited proliferation; SET participated in the regulation of spermiogenesis by combining with H4 then regulated its acetylation level.
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    Clinical Study on Pregnancy Complicated with Malignant Tumor
    2017, 36 (2):  107-110. 
    Abstract ( 1398 )   PDF (838KB) ( 8478 )  
    Abstract：Objective To study the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of pregnancy complicated with malignant tumor, in order to analysis the clinical character, reduce the missed diagnosis and improve maternal and infant prognosis. Methods Retrospective analysis 22 pregnant patients complicated with malignant tumor who were treated in Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2010-2016. Results The previous three encountered cancer types were the digestive system neoplasm (n=6), the genital system tumor (n=5), the hematological malignancy and the immune system tumors (n=3). There are 5 patients Choose to give up the baby, 3 patients underwent surgical treatment and 1 patients takes chemotherapy. At the same time, line of cesarean section and tumor surgery patients is 5. 54.5% hadn’t regular prenatal examination. Besides, 36.4% patients’ staging that preliminary confirmed is already Ⅳ. The ratio of premature infants is 59.1%. The ratio of low birth weight infants is 54.5%. Conclusion Malignant tumor during pregnancy has a high rate of missed diagnosis. We should terminate pregnancy timely and cooperate with other departments. Importantly, early diagnosis is the key.
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    Discuss the iagnosis and treatment of uterine arteriovenous fistula
    2017, 36 (2):  114-116. 
    Abstract ( 1765 )   PDF (1883KB) ( 8603 )  
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    The Research Advances in Sperm Flagellar Protein during Epididymal Maturation
    Zhide DING
    2017, 36 (2):  120-124. 
    Abstract ( 1516 )   PDF (865KB) ( 8494 )  
    Sperm functional maturation refers to the gradual ability obtaining of flagellar motility and fertilization during epididymal transition. Recently, with the development and application of cutting-edge techniques of gene function study such as gene knockout and gene over-, the pivotal role of the flagellar protein involved in structure changes and modification during sperm maturation have been revealed. For instance, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) significantly increases in amount and binds to fibrous sheath during epididymal transition, involving in glycolysis and energy production. Besides, a kinase anchoring protein4 (AKAP4), a protein associated with flagellar motility and bound to the same site as GAPDH, undergoes phosphorylation in epididymis. Herein, we review the latest research advances in flagellar proteins about their changes in quantity, structure and function in order to elucidate the physiological and pathological mechanisms for sperm motility and clinical asthenozoospermia respectively, and to explore male contraceptive vaccine which can block sperm motility as well.
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    Research Progress on the Isolation Methods of Extracellular Vesicles
    2017, 36 (2):  125-129. 
    Abstract ( 1533 )   PDF (867KB) ( 8593 )  
    Extracellular vesicles are small vesicles released from various cells, playing an important role in cell to cell communication via transmitting proteins and genetic materials including DNA and microRNA (miRNA) from original cell to target cell. Recent studies have demonstrated that EVs played an important role in tissue regeneration, biological marker and disease diagnosis through participating diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes including intercellular communication, antigen presentation, and transfer of oncogenic proteins etc. The common protocols for EVs isolation/purification based on the technology of differential centrifugation, ultrafiltration and immunoaffinity isolation. Differential centrifugation has been regarded as the fundamental method due to the simple operation program and reusability of substrates, while it still had some disadvantages, such as super abundant time consumption. Currently, the frequently-used methods by researchers for EVs isolation were the technology of differential centrifugation combined with other methods, which may increase the purity of isolated EVs, stabilize their activities and reduce isolation time. Therefore, the research progress on the isolation methods of EVs, and the advantage and disadvantage of each method were summarized in the present review, based on the recently published articles, in order to provide a conference for selection a suitable isolation protocol according to the purpose of study.
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    Present progresses of the use of Pluripotent Stem cell in experiment examing embryonal toxicity
    2017, 36 (2):  130-136. 
    Abstract ( 1357 )   PDF (992KB) ( 8511 )  
    Abstract :Pluripotent Stem cell has been widely applied in experiment examing embryonal toxicity. Embryonic stem cell test (EST) based on embryonic stem cell (ESC)is an alternative method in vitro ,which had been obtained international recognition. Induced pluripotent stem cells(IPSC),which has properties similar to ESC and its own characteristics,is also gradually being used in this field.So in this paper ,we review present progresses of the use of ESC and IPSC in experiment examing embryonal toxicity.
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    The Discovery and Research Development of Super Enhancers
    2017, 36 (2):  137-141. 
    Abstract ( 1476 )   PDF (903KB) ( 8928 )  
    Super enhancers (SEs) are extraordinary long clusters of transcriptional enhancers formed by consecutive control units in series. They manipulate the of relevant genes. Hundreds of SEs in cells control key genes and determine the destiny of cells. Recent studies show that the of pathogenic genes, causing malignancies, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and many autoimmune diseases, is highly related to the aberrant activation of SEs. In this paper, we firstly outline the discovery and research development on SEs, illustrating methods to identify SEs, and then introduce databases related to SEs. We summarize the recent progress of SEs involving in embryonic stem cells, malignancies tumor and immune-related diseases, followed by the future applications in clinical treatments of gynecological diseases.
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    Influence of Ovarian Stimulation Treatment on Endometrium Receptivity
    2017, 36 (2):  142-145. 
    Abstract ( 1809 )   PDF (879KB) ( 8547 )  
    Ovarian stimulation treatment is an important part of assisted reproductive techniques. It includes ovulation induction and controlled ovarian stimulation. They are widely used in infertility treatment. Different ovarian stimulation medications and protocols have achieved considerable ovulation, however, they can influence endometrium receptivity resulting in different pregnancy outcomes. This review stated the influence of different ovarian stimulation medications and protocols on endometrium receptivity from the following aspects: morphology index, molecular biology index and so on.
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    Application of Letrozole in Ovulation Induction Therapy for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    2017, 36 (2):  146-149. 
    Abstract ( 1524 )   PDF (852KB) ( 8574 )  
    【Abstract】 Letrozole (LE)?was?a?third-generation?aromatase inhibitor (AIs, CYP19),?which is?a kind of?artificially synthesized triphenyl quinoline derivative.?It?is?first formally used in?the?clinical treatment of ovulation induction in foreign countries in 2001.?Polycystic ovary syndrome?(PCOS) is a reproductive endocrinology and metabolic disorders commonly found in?the?women of reproductive age, with the main character of ovulation, which is one of the direct causes of infertility.Due to some side effects, there were?some limitations?to?the?clomiphene citrate (CC)?drug which?is?clinically?used?as the first choice in?the treatment of ovulation induction. The study found that?LE can promote endometrial growth?in?the?infertility treatment?of?PCOS women,?which not only has?no adverse effects on cervical mucus?but also?provides?good conditions for embryo implantation. Also,?LE?was?better than CC?in the aspect of?ovulation rate and birth rate. Perhaps, there were some differences in?abortion rate, multitle-gestation pregnancy rate and the fetal safety, but the current study?had?no?statistically significance.Therefore,LE may?replace?CC?to become?the?first-line ovulation?induction?drug?in?the?infertility treatment?of?PCOS women.
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    Assisted Reproduction Technology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome：A Review
    2017, 36 (2):  150-155. 
    Abstract ( 1487 )   PDF (1026KB) ( 8532 )  
    Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in women of childbearing age, infertility is one of its clinical features. After weight control, lifestyle adjustment, clomiphene citrate and aromatase inhibitors induced ovulation, low-dose gonadotropin-induced ovulation, assisted reproductive technology(ART) may be an effective treatment. However, PCOS patients have complex etiologies, and often accompanied by obesity, metabolic abnormalities, individualized treatment should be taken according to the patient's clinical manifestations, examination results, and responses to drugs, such as correction of endocrine disorders, and prevention for OHSS and other complications. This paper reviews the current situation of ART for PCOS in pretreatment, individualized programs and the prevention of complications.
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    The research progress of Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor in reproduction
    2017, 36 (2):  156-159. 
    Abstract ( 1481 )   PDF (824KB) ( 8468 )  
    Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), a member of the EGF family, is synthesized as a membrane-anchored precursor (proHB-EGF) that is cleaved to yield a soluble HB-EGF by specific metalloproteases. ProHB-EGF is not only the precursor molecule for sHB-EGF but also a biologically active molecule itself. ProHB-EGF forms a complex with membrane proteins,which is localized at the cell±cell contact site, suggesting that proHB-EGF may function in cell-to-cell signaling by a juxtacrine mechanism. In an in vitro model system, proHB-EGF showed growth inhibitory activity, while sHB-EGF was growth stimulatory. All these characteristics attest that proHB-EGF and sHB-EGF work in different ways. In vivo functions of sHB-EGF and proHB-EGF have been undetined, but recent studies implicate that they play important role in a variety of physiological processes.HB-EGF has attracted more and more attention in reproductive endocrine domain，including mitosis and apoptosis of the corpus lutein cells，follicular development and embryo transfer.
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    Progress of Preoperative Hormone Therapy Prior to Surgical Correction of Hypospadias
    2017, 36 (2):  165-167. 
    Abstract ( 1413 )   PDF (937KB) ( 8558 )  
    Abstract: Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly of the male urethra that causes significant morbidity in the pediatric male population. The mainstay of treatment is hypospadias repair surgery. However, given the common co-occurrence of microphallus in these patients, surgery remains difficult without adequate tissue for proper reconstruction of the urethra. The use of preoperative testosterone therapy, parenterally or topically, has been a topic of study for several years in urologic literature. This literature review aims to summarize the different studies that have been conducted to address whether preoperative testosterone therapy is beneficial, inconsequential, or detrimental to the surgical and cosmetic outcomes of hypospadias repair as well as to address the differences in routes of administration.
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    Application Progress of Ultrasound Elastography in the Cervical Diseases
    2017, 36 (2):  172-175. 
    Abstract ( 1513 )   PDF (824KB) ( 8466 )  
    Ultrasonic elastography is to press on the organization, the corresponding change in the organization, collecting ultrasonic echo signal of organization before and after deformation, and elastic graph is formed after reconstruction, the information of the concept originated in 1991, and becomes a emerging technology in clinical examination. Elastography can be divided into: real-time tissue elastography, instantaneous elastic imaging technology, acoustic radiation imaging technique, real time shear wave elastography, ultra high speed shear wave imaging technology. At first the technology is mainly used for diagnosing and identifying some malignant tumor, for example, the diagnosis and differential diagnosis in diseases of mammary gland, thyroid gland, the prostate, and liver, using it toevaluate cervical lately, ultrasonic elastography in cervical disease research also carried out lately. Ultrasound is the most commonly used imaging examination method of uterus can be real-time monitoring of uterine lesions form, boundary, internal echo and its relationship with the peripheral tissues, and to make a comprehensive diagnosis, ultrasonic elastography is gradually used in obstetrics and gynecology in recent years, especially in the diagnosis of cervical disease.
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