高脂饮食与精子形态异常的潜在机制

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20250319

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

精子形态是评估男性生育能力的关键指标，异常形态与精子活力下降、受精率降低和男性不育密切相关。长期或过量摄入高脂饮食可导致肥胖、代谢紊乱与激素失衡，并与精子形态异常存在显著相关性。高脂饮食诱导精子形态异常的潜在机制涉及下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴激素调节紊乱、精子膜脂质代谢异常、细胞骨架动态失调、氧化应激和睾丸微环境炎症反应，以及表观遗传修饰改变。采用地中海饮食模式或补充抗氧化剂（如维生素C、辅酶Q10）等措施，可能改善高脂饮食引起的精子形态与功能异常。综述高脂饮食影响精子形态的潜在机制及研究进展，为临床提供基于饮食调整与抗氧化干预的策略参考。

关键词: 膳食, 高脂, 不育, 男（雄）性, 精子, 畸形精子症, 胰高血糖素样肽1

Abstract:

Sperm morphology is a key indicator for assessing male fertility. The abnormality of sperm morphology is closely associated with the reduced sperm motility, lower fertilization rate and male infertility. Long-term or excessive consumption of high fat diet can lead to obesity, metabolic disorders and hormonal imbalances, which is significantly correlated with abnormal sperm morphology. The potential mechanisms by which high-fat diet induces sperm morphological abnormality involve the multiple disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, aberrant sperm membrane lipid metabolism, cytoskeletal dynamic imbalance, oxidative stress, testicular microenvironment inflammation, and epigenetic modifications. Interventions such as adopting a Mediterranean diet pattern or supplementing with antioxidants (e.g., vitamin C, coenzyme Q10) may ameliorate the high fat diet-induced abnormalities in sperm morphology and function. We review the recent advances in the potential mechanism of how high fat diet-induced sperm morphological abnormalities, providing clinically strategies based on dietary modification and antioxidant intervention.

Key words: Diet, high-fat, Infertility, male, Spermatozoa, Teratozoospermia, Glucagon-like peptide 1

石学颖, 杨金姬, 付浩, 胡春秀. 高脂饮食与精子形态异常的潜在机制[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2025, 44(6): 490-495.

SHI Xue-ying, YANG Jin-ji, FU Hao, HU Chun-xiu. The Mechanism of High Fat Diet-Induced Sperm Morphological Abnormalities[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2025, 44(6): 490-495.

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