生长分化因子15在妇产科疾病中的作用

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20240350

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生长分化因子15（growth differentiation factor 15，GDF15）是一种调节全身能量平衡和感应应激的细胞因子。各种器官和组织合成和分泌的GDF15水平在不同的生理和病理状态下有所不同。近年研究发现，GDF15在子宫内膜异位症和妇科恶性肿瘤中表达增加，同时在不同时期的多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome，PCOS）中存在差异，青春期PCOS患者GDF15内源性分泌不足，育龄期PCOS患者GDF15表达增加。除上述情况外，GDF15在胎盘组织中呈特异性高表达，并参与多种病理妊娠过程，如在妊娠早期GDF15过高可使孕妇患妊娠恶心呕吐或妊娠剧吐的风险增加，GDF15过低可导致自然流产；妊娠中晚期GDF15异常高表达与妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病和妊娠期贫血等关系密切。鉴于此，归纳GDF15在妇产科相关疾病中的作用，为进一步研究GDF15分子机制提供更多参考。

关键词: 生长分化因子15, 妊娠并发症, 多囊卵巢综合征, 子宫内膜异位症, 生殖器肿瘤, 女（雌）性

Abstract:

The growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as a cytokine regulates systemic energy balance and responds to stress. The expression and secretion of GDF15 from various organs and tissues could show the significant difference in the different physiological and pathophysiological states. The recent studies have showed that the expression of GDF15 is increased in endometriosis and gynecological malignancies, and that the expression of GDF15 is at the different level at the different stages of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Adolescent PCOS patients have insufficient endogenous secretion of GDF15, while childbearing period PCOS patients have increased GDF15 expression. In addition to the above, GDF15 is high-specifically expressed in placental tissue and participates in multiple pathological processes of pregnancy. For example, during the first trimester of pregnancy, the excessive GDF15 may increase the risk of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy or hyperemesis gravidarum, while the insufficient GDF15 may contribute to the occurrence of spontaneous abortion. During the second and third trimester, the abnormally high expression of GDF15 may be closely associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational anemia. In this review, the role of GDF15 in obstetrics and gynecology-related diseases is summarized to provide more references for further research on the molecular mechanism of GDF15.

Key words: Growth differentiation factor 15, Pregnancy complications, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Endometriosis, Genital neoplasms, female

石百超, 马红丽, 王宇, 朱梦一, 刘洋, 马颖琪, 吴效科. 生长分化因子15在妇产科疾病中的作用[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2025, 44(1): 78-83.

SHI Bai-chao, MA Hong-li, WANG Yu, ZHU Meng-yi, LIU Yang, MA Ying-qi, WU Xiao-ke. The Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Obstetric and Gynecological Diseases[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2025, 44(1): 78-83.

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