健康和疾病的发育起源理论研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20240213

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于生活环境、健康和疾病在分子水平上密切相关的核心理念，健康和疾病的发育起源（developmental origins of health and disease，DOHaD）理论为健康与疾病间的关联研究提供了全新视角。该理论通过多学科、多领域的知识互通，追溯不同的生活经历如何影响生命全过程中的健康和疾病风险。成人期疾病的敏感窗口期不再局限于妊娠前和妊娠期，分娩期至成年早期也成为暴露因素发挥作用的重要时段。母源性/父源性因素、环境因素、新生儿出生状况、儿童期代谢情况等能够通过影响表观遗传、代谢和免疫调控、氧化应激等，改变发育程序并对子代远期健康产生正向或负向影响。因此，为实现健康促进，需要同步推进早期生命阶段预防、后期随访及健康干预的关口前移，以期有效降低成年期疾病风险，提升生命全周期健康水平。综述DOHaD领域最新研究进展对阐明人类发展早期阶段发生的不良事件影响健康和疾病模式及发现有效干预措施具有积极意义。

关键词: 表观基因组学, 环境卫生, 胚胎和胎儿发育, 健康和疾病的发育起源, 编程, 影响因素

Abstract:

Based on the core idea that environment, health and disease are closely related at the molecular level, developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) aims to provide a new perspective for the relationship between health and disease, and to trace back how different life experiences affect the risks for health and disease in the whole life process through expertise from multiple disciplines and fields. The developmental critical windows and sensitive periods of adult diseases is no longer limited to pre-pregnancy and pregnancy, the period from delivery to early adulthood has also become an important period of exposure factors. Maternal/paternal factors, environmental factors, neonatal birth status, childhood metabolism and many other influencing factors can change the development process and show positive or negative effects on the long-term health of offspring with different mechanisms, including epigenetics, regulation of metabolism, immunity and oxidative stress. Therefore, for the aim of health promotion, the prevention, the follow-up and simultaneous health intervention of early stage of life should be put a premium stage, in order to reduce the risk of adult diseases and improve full life-cycle health level effectively. Summarizing the latest research progress in the field of DOHaD is of great significance to clarify the impact of adverse events in the early stage of human development on health and disease patterns and find useful interventions.

Key words: Epigenomics, Environmental health, Embryonic and fetal development, Developmental origins of health and disease, Programming, Impact factors

陈擎, 张迪, 杨小婷, 罗惠文, 苏华斌. 健康和疾病的发育起源理论研究进展[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2024, 43(4): 317-321.

CHEN Qing, ZHANG Di, YANG Xiao-ting, LUO Hui-wen, SU Hua-bin. Research Progress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2024, 43(4): 317-321.

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