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15 November 2025, Volume 44 Issue 6
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Case Report
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Original Article

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The Current Situation of Appropriate Medication in IVF Patients and Its Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes TONG Chen-ye, QIAN Wen, HUANG Li-min, JI Hong, NI Ying 2025, 44 (6):  441-447.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250131 Abstract ( 35 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1066KB) ( 13 )   Objective: To investigate the status of appropriate medication at the different stages of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in infertility patients undergoing IVF treatment, and its effects on clinical pregnancy. Methods: From June 2024 to December 2024, a total of 369 female patients with IVF were selected from Reproductive Medicine Center of Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The patient were investigated by general information questionnaire, medication accuracy and medication guidance satisfaction questionnaire, self-efficacy for appropriate medication use scale (SEAMS), perceived social support scale (PSSS) at the different stages of IVF treatment. The influencing factors of the final pregnancy outcome were screened by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results: About 48.78%（180/369） to 55.28%（204/369） of the patients didn′t have high medication adherence at the different stages of IVF, with the ′uncertain factors′ dimension having the lowest score rate. The SEAMS scores, medication guidance satisfaction scores, and PSSS scores at different stages were positively correlated with each other (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis found that, age≤30 years old (OR=0.35，95%CI：0.19-0.66，P=0.001), age 31-35 years old (OR=0.37，95%CI：0.20-0.66，P=0.001), medium score of SEAMS during transplantation cycle (OR=0.29，95%CI：0.13-0.61，P=0.001), and≥3 types of daily medication delivery routes in luteal support period (OR=0.53，95%CI：0.29-0.98，P=0.048), and the high satisfaction score of medication guidance during luteal support period (OR=0.72，95%CI：0.60-0.88，P=0.001) were the protective factors for successful clinical pregnancy. Conclusions: Paying attention to the age of IVF patients, the types of medication delivery routes and conditions of medication during the transplantation stage, taking corresponding measures to guide medication, and improving their satisfaction, can improve the success rate of clinical pregnancy in IVF patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cross-Lagged Analysis of Maternal Dyadic Coping and Psychosomatic Symptom Clusters XU Jin-jin, ZHENG Li 2025, 44 (6):  448-452.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250253 Abstract ( 25 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (958KB) ( 9 )   Objective: To explore the developmental trends of maternal dyadic coping and psychosomatic symptom clusters (fatigue, sleep disorders, and anxiety and depressive symptoms), and to analyze the correlation and predictive relationship between the two. Methods: The convenience sampling method was used to select 170 women who were hospitalized and gave birth in Affiliated Nanjing Tongren Hospital of Southeast University School of Medicine, from July 2023 to June 2024. The follow-up surveys of maternal dyadic coping and psychosomatic symptom clusters were carried out in the first month after delivery (T1), the second month after delivery (T2), and the third month after delivery (T3), respectively. The Pearson correlation analysis and cross-lagged mode were used to analyze the correlation and predictive relationship. Results: Excluding 8 invalid questionnaires, a total of 162 valid questionnaires were collected in this study (95.29% recovery rate). Dyadic coping scores (F=8.338, P<0.001), fatigue scores (F=8.126, P<0.001), sleep quality scores (F=4.110, P=0.032), and anxiety and depression scores (F=9.317, P<0.001) at the 3 time points. Pearson correlation analyses showed that the maternal at the 3 time points dyadic coping and psychosomatic symptom clusters were significantly correlated at three time points (all P<0.05). Cross-lagged modeling showed that the dyadic coping levels on average had the negatively predicted correlation with the psychosomatic symptom clusters at the next node (all P<0.05), and that the psychosomatic symptom clusters did not have the predicted correlation with the dyadic coping longitudinally at the next node (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The dyadic coping ability of parturients is closely related to their mental and psychological symptom clusters. It is recommended that clinical workers dynamically monitor the dyadic coping status and changes in psychological symptoms of parturients at each stage, and implement early intervention for those with poor dyadic coping ability. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Trajectory of Fertility and Life Quality in Reproductive-Aged Patients after Tubal Pregnancy Surgery and Its Relationship with Reproductive Concerns SHAO Rong, JIANG Tao, CHEN Xing 2025, 44 (6):  453-458.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250474 Abstract ( 28 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (887KB) ( 6 )   Objective: To explore the change trajectory of fertility and life quality in the reproductive-aged patients after tubal surgery due to ectopic pregnancy, and analyze the relationship with fertility anxiety. Methods: A convenient sampling method was used to select 234 reproductive-aged patients with ectopic pregnancy, who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from January 2022 to June 2024 as the research subjects. All patients were surveyed using The Fertility Quality of Life (FertiQoL) Scale at 1 week(T1), 4 weeks(T2), 8 weeks(T3), 12 weeks(T4), and 16 weeks(T5) after tubal pregnancy surgery. At 16 weeks postoperatively(T5), the level of postoperative fertility anxiety was surveyed using the Chinese version of the Reproductive Concerns After Cancer Scale(RCAC). A latent class growth model was applied to identify the potential categories of trajectories in the fertility and life quality, and analysis of variance was used to explore the differences in the fertility anxiety score among reproductive-aged patients with ectopic pregnancy across different potential categories of fertility and life quality. Results: The FertiQoL scores of reproductive-aged patients with ectopic pregnancy at different time points (T1 to T5) after tubal surgery were 27-53 (39.16±4.26), 28-65 (45.50±6.69), 43-92 (65.53±9.40), 50-90 (70.20±7.82), and 51-97 (74.02±8.81), respectively. The latent category growth model identified 3 types of trajectory types of change in fertility and life quality in reproductive-aged patients after tubal surgery due to ectopic pregnancy, with 33.33% in the low fertility quality of life-steady increase group (A1), 40.60% in the medium fertility quality of life-improvement significant group (A2), and 26.07% in the high fertility quality of life-rapid increase group (A3). In multivariable analyses using the A1 group as the referent, age<35 years (vs. 35-45 years) was significantly associated with increased odds of belonging to the A2 group (OR=2.558). Factors associated with the A1 group included residence in towns (OR=0.256), rural areas (OR=0.185), and having no fertility intention (OR=0.476). Similarly, age<35 years was associated with the A3 group (OR=2.324), while rural residence (OR=0.119) and no fertility intention (OR=0.212) were associated with the A1 group (all P<0.05). The comparison of the 3 latent categories of RCAC scores showed a significant difference(F=2 327.324, P<0.001). Conclusions: It is suggested that those tubal pregnancy patients with low fertility-related quality of life should be focused in clinical practice. Various forms such as internet platforms, public welfare lectures and news media should be used to strengthen the popularization of knowledge on the treatment and nursing of ectopic pregnancy, especially tubal pregnancy, so as to improve the awareness, understanding and tolerance of key groups including patients, their family members and women with fertility needs towards ectopic pregnancy. In addition, psychological counseling for those patients should be strengthened to reduce their fertility anxiety and improve their fertility-related quality of life. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Case Report

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A Case of ALMS1 Compound Heterozygous Variant Causing Alstrom Syndrome CHEN Hui-fang, ZUO Wen-tao, ZHAO Ling-zhi, CHEN Jin-fan, HUI Ling, ZHANG Chuan 2025, 44 (6):  459-463.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250132 Abstract ( 32 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1102KB) ( 14 )   Alstrom syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder with multisystem involvement caused by the mutations in ALMS1 gene. The pathogenesis of the disease is not fully understood, the effective treatment is also lacking, and the prognosis is poor. The young age of onset, wide range of clinical symptoms and varying severity of the disease make it difficult to diagnose and treat. We report a female case of Alstrom syndrome diagnosed by whole exome sequencing (WES). The patient presented with congestive heart failure, congenital cardiomyopathy, atrial septal defect, growth retardation and recurrent pneumonia. She was given symptomatic treatments including infection control, cardiotonic, diuretic, and calcium supplementation, but the final prognosis was poor. The ALMS1 compound heterozygous variant c.11647_c.11648delAT (p.M3883fs*9)/ c.2888_c.2897del GTGTTTTCTA (p.S963fs*15) was found to be a rare variant. The discovery of this compound heterozygous variant provided a new reference for the genetic study of Alstrom syndrome. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case of Adult Male Fertility Disorder Caused by Ring Chromosome 4 LI Wen-an, FU Sheng-lan, FAN Wen, HOU Zhi-jin, YANG Xiao-ling, MENG Yu-shi 2025, 44 (6):  464-467.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250348 Abstract ( 34 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (961KB) ( 12 )   Ring chromosome 4 is a rare chromosomal structural abnormality with significant clinical heterogeneity. We report a case of an adult male patient with multiple malformations including microcephaly, micrognathia, hooked nose, short stature, congenital heart defects, and azoospermia. The patient was scheduled for surgery due to a bladder malignancy, and requested fertility preservation before the operation. However, multiple semen analyses indicated azoospermia, and a percutaneous testicular sperm aspiration showed no sperm in both testes. Pathological examination revealed approximately 40 seminiferous tubules with a small number of spermatocytes and a few sperm, and a Johnsen score of 8. Chromosome karyotype analysis showed mos 46,XY,r(4)(?p16.3?q35) [94]/46,XY[6]. It was suggested that the patient undergo microdissection testicular sperm extraction and sperm cryopreservation during the bladder tumor resection. However, due to malignant tumor and other factors, the patient ultimately decided to forgo fertility preservation and only underwent radical tumor surgery. The patient typically presents with multiple system dysfunctions such as growth retardation and abnormal fertility. It is necessary to complete the chromosomal G-banding karyotype analysis and related molecular-level examinations as soon as possible. After diagnosis, genetic counseling should be actively carried out, and assisted reproductive technology should be utilized in a timely manner to better achieve eugenics and good childbearing. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Analysis of A Family with A Child Having Haemophilia A and Compound Heterozygous Variants of CYP21A2 Gene XU Fu-rong, CHEN Yuan-kang, KANG Qi-chao, TANG Lian-rui, ZHANG Chuan, MA Pan-pan, HUI Ling, ZHOU Bing-bo 2025, 44 (6):  468-470.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250304 Abstract ( 48 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1082KB) ( 12 )   We report a case of a child with haemophilia A complicated by compound heterozygous variants in the CYP21A2 gene. Routine tests upon the child′s admission indicated the abnormal coagulation function. Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis revealed that the child had the compound heterozygous variants c.292 + 1G>A and c.-113G>A in the CYP21A2 gene. Verified by Sanger sequencing, the c.-113G>A site variant was inherited from the mother, and this site was rated as a likely pathogenic variant. The c.292 + 1G>A site variant was inherited from the father, and this site was rated as a pathogenic variant. Since WES did not detect the variants highly correlated with the child′s current clinical phenotype, and the clinical phenotype highly suggested haemophilia, long-range polymerase chain reaction (LR-PCR) was simultaneously carried out. The results of LR-PCR indicated an inversion of intron 22 in F8 gene. The child′s mother was a carrier, while the father had a normal genetic profile. After admission, the child received symptomatic treatment and supplementation with exogenous factor Ⅷ, and then was discharged in an improved condition. During the follow-up, the child has been regularly receiving exogenous supplementation of factor Ⅷ, and the condition remains stable with no other abnormalities. The genetic diagnosis of the child was clarified through the combined use of WES and LR-PCR, which provided us a basis for genetic counseling of family members, future prenatal diagnosis and the subsequent management. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case of Elevated CA125 and Meigs Syndrome in An Adolescent Ovarian Fibroma WANG Si-yao, HU Xiao-hong, LING Fei-fei, LIU Chang 2025, 44 (6):  471-474.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250296 Abstract ( 32 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (888KB) ( 9 )   Ovarian fibroma is a common benign sex cord stromal tumor, accompanied by pleural effusion and ascites, which regress to Meigs syndrome after resection. The incidence of Meigs syndrome is relatively low, and the ovarian fibroma with the elevated carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) is easily misdiagnosed as malignant tumor. We report a case of 18-year-old female patient with ovarian fibroma who was admitted to an external hospital due to abdominal distension and lower abdominal distension. Imaging showed a huge cystic solid mass in the pelvic cavity (11.3 cm × 10.6 cm × 7.9 cm), a large amount of pelvic and abdominal fluid accumulation, and a significant increase in serum CA125 (1 168.00 U/mL). The patient underwent adnexectomy on the affected side at the First Hospital of Lanzhou University. Multiple adhesive lesions were observed during the surgery, and the postoperative pathological diagnosis was ovarian fibroma. After tumor resection, the patient experienced chest tightness and shortness of breath, and CT showed bilateral pleural effusion. One month after surgery, the pleural and ascites completely subsided, and the level of CA125 returned to normal. Follow up for 2 year after surgery, the patient showed no recurrence or metastasis. Therefore, in clinical practice, pelvic masses with the elevated CA125 and Meigs syndrome may be misdiagnosed as ovarian cancer. This case emphasizes the possibility of ovarian fibroids/follicular membrane fibroids in the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors with elevated CA125. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment method, and the postoperative prognosis is good. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reoperation for Recurrent Retroperitoneal Solitary Fibrous Tumor: A Case Report ZHANG Yu-hua, ZHOU Huan, HUAN Li-li, TIAN Qing-qing, HUANG Lei 2025, 44 (6):  475-480.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250339 Abstract ( 41 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1313KB) ( 8 )   A case of retroperitoneal solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) in our hospital was reported. The first treatment, 10-year follow-up and diagnosis and treatment after recurrence were summarized. In 2015, the first surgery was performed to completely remove the tumor located in the left anterior sacrum of retroperitoneum under laparoscopy. Pathology showed SFT with the rich focal cells. There were no symptoms after the first surgery, and the patient was not followed up regularly. Recurrence was first detected in 2022: physical examination and a series of imaging examinations revealed pelvic pararectal nodules, which gradually increased in the number and volume. In 2023, the reexamination revealed that nodules continued to increase. In November 2024, the operation of laparoscopic left deep retroperitoneal tumor resection plus tumor resection near internal iliac artery plus pelvic adhesiolysis was performed. Pathology showed SFT, and the increased cell density and slightly increased mitotic figures (<4 per 10 high-power fields). After six months of the second surgery, the patient did not undergo reexamination due to the continuous urinary retention rehabilitation therapy. Retroperitoneal SFT is very rare, which is belonged to low-grade malignant tumor. SET has recurrence risk, suggesting the necessity of lifelong follow-up. The tumor of this patient is located in the deep part of retroperitoneal pelvic floor, adjacent to pelvic floor nerves and blood vessels. Multi-disciplinary team (MDT) should be recommended for the preoperative diagnosis and treatment. Intraoperative multidisciplinary surgery can significantly improve the safety and success rate of surgery. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Theoretical Connotation and Modern Application Implications of "Infertility Caused by Gong-Han" GONG Zheng, GONG Chun-ming, FU Yu, XIA Tian 2025, 44 (6):  481-485.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250399 Abstract ( 34 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (810KB) ( 9 )   Gong-han infertility, as a classical pathogenesis of infertility in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),fundamentally results from the deficiency of yang qi in the body, leading to loss of warmth in the uterus. Its etiology originates from the endogenous cold pathogenic factors (innate yang deficiency, excessive sexual activity and multiple childbirths consuming kidney yang) and the exogenous cold pathogenic factors (indulgence in cold food/drinks, prolonged living in damp environments). The modern biological mechanisms are manifested as follows: kidney yang deficiency causes hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunction; the astringent property of cold activates the endothelin system, leading to the decreased ovarian microcirculatory perfusion and the reduced endometrial receptivity; mitochondrial dysfunction and the decreased ATP production result in delayed energy metabolism; cold qi generating turbidity accompanied by the activation of inflammatory factors induces the accumulation of pathological products like endometrial hyperplasia and polyps. The treatment focuses on "warming yang as the foundation and resolving turbidity to generate newness", while simultaneously strengthening the spleen to cultivate earth and regulating qi to smooth mechanism, so as to restore the reproductive function of the uterus. This provides a theoretical basis and clinical reference for the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment of "Gong-han infertility". Based on the TCM thought of "Heaven-human correspondence" and metaphorical cognition, this paper systematically elaborates the theoretical connotation, etiology, pathogenesis, modern biological mechanisms, and treatment strategies of "Gong-han infertility". References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein in Regulating Oocyte Development XIAO Jin-xin, XIONG Meng-neng, XIE Qing-zhen 2025, 44 (6):  486-489.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250343 Abstract ( 24 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (857KB) ( 8 )   The family of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) includes more than twenty kinds of RNA-binding proteins that play an important role in many life processes. Besides RNA binding, hnRNP mainly involved in regulating key biological processes such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and DNA damage repair. Many studies have shown that many members of hnRNP family, including HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPC, HNRNPH1 and HNRNPK, play an important role in the development of oocytes, and that the loss of hnRNP function can lead to the abnormal development of oocytes and infertility. However, the in-depth mechanism reaserch of hnRNP regulating oocyte development is insufficient. Reviewing the biological function of hnRNP in regulating oocyte development can provide reference for future research in reproductive field. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Mechanism of High Fat Diet-Induced Sperm Morphological Abnormalities SHI Xue-ying, YANG Jin-ji, FU Hao, HU Chun-xiu 2025, 44 (6):  490-495.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250319 Abstract ( 19 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (895KB) ( 13 )   Sperm morphology is a key indicator for assessing male fertility. The abnormality of sperm morphology is closely associated with the reduced sperm motility, lower fertilization rate and male infertility. Long-term or excessive consumption of high fat diet can lead to obesity, metabolic disorders and hormonal imbalances, which is significantly correlated with abnormal sperm morphology. The potential mechanisms by which high-fat diet induces sperm morphological abnormality involve the multiple disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, aberrant sperm membrane lipid metabolism, cytoskeletal dynamic imbalance, oxidative stress, testicular microenvironment inflammation, and epigenetic modifications. Interventions such as adopting a Mediterranean diet pattern or supplementing with antioxidants (e.g., vitamin C, coenzyme Q10) may ameliorate the high fat diet-induced abnormalities in sperm morphology and function. We review the recent advances in the potential mechanism of how high fat diet-induced sperm morphological abnormalities, providing clinically strategies based on dietary modification and antioxidant intervention. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Enucleated Oocyte Donation and Its Clinical Application YANG Jing, JI Dong-mei 2025, 44 (6):  496-500.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250190 Abstract ( 25 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (834KB) ( 5 )   The technology of enucleated oocyte donation (EOD), also known as mitochondria donation, aims to transfer the nuclear genetic material of the patient′s oocytes or fertilized eggs into the cytoplasm of healthy enucleated donor oocytes, in order to block the inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations to offspring or solve the problem of embryonic development arrest caused by cytoplasmic factors. EOD technology mainly includes pronuclear transfer (PNT), polar body transfer (PBT), and spindle-chromosome complex transfer (ST). Both PNT and ST have successfully helped female carriers of mtDNA mutations and women with repeated in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer failures to achieve clinical pregnancy. However, some offspring still carry a small amount of mtDNA mutations, and even have an increased proportion of residual mtDNA mutations. The first polar body transfer (PB1T) has also been used to obtain the mutant free reconstructed blastocysts in women with mtDNA mutations. EOD technology still faces multiple challenges: there is a risk of fertilized egg damage in medicine, ethical controversies focus on the status of donors in the three parent structure and their impact on offspring, safety concerns involve compatibility issues between mitochondria and cell nuclei, and genetic risks of mutated mtDNA. Regulatory authorities need to prevent clinical abuse and the lack of informed consent. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Role of Th17 Cells and IL-17A in the Pathogenesis of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency ZHANG Xi-ruo, WANG Rong-rong, SU Jing, XUE Feng-xia 2025, 44 (6):  501-505.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250487 Abstract ( 26 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (833KB) ( 3 )   Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a major disorder characterized by the decline of ovarian reserve function in reproductive-aged women. Its pathogenesis involves multiple factors, including immune dysregulation, genetic predisposition, infectious agents, and iatrogenic interventions. Aberrant cellular immunity is recognized as one of the critical etiological drivers of POI. As a key subset of lymphocytes in cellular immune responses, the helper T cells (Th cells) play a pivotal role in regulating ovarian endocrine function and folliculogenesis through the mechanisms of differentiation and immune regulation. Among Th cell subsets, Th17 cells and their signature cytokine, interleukin-17A (IL-17A), have emerged as the central players in the immunological pathogenesis of POI. Th17 cells secrete the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A, which directly induces local ovarian inflammation and disrupts tissue architecture. Additionally, they also impair the follicular microenvironment, thereby compromising the granulosa cell function and leading to the reduction in ovarian reserve. Furthermore, Th17 cells disrupt immune homeostasis, thereby promoting the autoimmune injury that ultimately results in ovarian insufficiency. This target may become a potential novel immunotherapy strategy for POI. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Diagnosis and Treatment of Arcuate Uterus ZHANG Dong-can, HE Ling, ZHANG Hui-ying, TIAN Wen-yan 2025, 44 (6):  506-510.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250320 Abstract ( 25 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (821KB) ( 6 )   Arcuate uterus is a relatively common type of congenital uterine malformation, resulting from incomplete absorption of the median septum during the process of müllerian duct fusion. It is characterized by a mild indentation of the endometrium at the fundus into the uterine cavity. The diagnostic methods and criteria for arcuate uterus vary across studies. Typically, the depth of indentation of the endometrium at the fundus is less than 1 cm, and the central angle of the indentation is usually greater than 90 degrees. Three-dimensional ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, hysteroscopy, and/or laparoscopy can aid in the diagnosis. The current relationship between arcuate uterus and adverse pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. The patients with arcuate uterus complicated by infertility, recurrent miscarriage, or poor obstetric outcomes may undergo surgical treatment, which is performed via hysteroscopic metroplasty for arcuate uterus. The therapeutic efficacy of surgery is a subject of controversy among different studies. In this article, we review the definition and diagnostic criteria, diagnostic methods, impact on pregnancy outcomes, surgical indications, and postoperative pregnancy outcomes of arcuate uterus, to offer new insights for the individualized diagnosis and treatment of arcuate uterus and further enhance female fertility. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Action Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers in the Treatment of Endometriosis GAO Yan-qin, CONG Hui-fang 2025, 44 (6):  511-517.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250248 Abstract ( 37 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (850KB) ( 12 )   Endometriosis (EMs) is a common gynecological disease among women of childbearing age. It is characterized by a complex pathogenesis, gradual aggravation, a tendency to prolong the disease and be difficult to cure. It can significantly reduce the quality of life and fertility. The monomer of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a single chemical component with a clear chemical structure and pharmacological activity, which is extracted and purified from TCM. Recent studies have shown that TCM monomers such as aldehydes, phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and polysaccharides can effectively intervene in the pathological process of EMs through multiple pathways. The mechanisms of action include reducing inflammatory responses, inhibiting angiogenesis, regulating hormone levels, alleviating pain sensitization, promoting apoptosis and antioxidation, etc. Compared with traditional surgery and hormone therapy, TCM monomers have many advantages such as multiple targets and fewer side effects, and have increasingly become a research hotspot. Based on this, this article sorts out and summarizes the research literature at home and abroad on the use of TCM monomers in the treatment of EMs, with the aim of providing a certain basis for the new drug development and clinical application of EMs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship between Adipokines and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome LENG Ya-wen, SHI Bai-chao, WANG Yu, WU Xiao-ke 2025, 44 (6):  518-523.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250318 Abstract ( 28 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (911KB) ( 7 )   The aberrant expression of adipokines may contribute to the onset and progression of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with its mechanism involving the regulation of multiple signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) /mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and their downstream signaling molecules. Research indicates that various therapeutic modalities, such as exogenous adipokines, specific adipokine antagonists, conventional hypoglycemic agents and dietary interventions, can ameliorate PCOS-related ovarian pathology, modulate insulin signal transduction and the expression of genes associated with hormone synthesis, suppress oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, enhance endometrial receptivity, and facilitate embryo implantation and development by rectifying the expression of adipokines and their receptors. In turn, these interventions alleviate PCOS-related endocrine and metabolic disturbances, immune abnormalities, and reproductive dysfunctions. Adipokines may be as a potential target for the PCOS treatment. Nevertheless, owing to the intricate crosstalk between adipokines and the substantial heterogeneity among PCOS patients, current research primarily centers on animal studies. Based on these animal studies, additional clinical trials should be well designed to develope the innovative regimens of PCOS treatment based on adipokine regulation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Resveratrol in Gynecologic Malignant Tumor XIE Jiu-mei, WANG Yu, CHEN Xiang-nan, ZHANG Li-qian, WU Xiao-ke 2025, 44 (6):  524-528.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250260 Abstract ( 19 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (822KB) ( 3 )   Ovarian cancer, cervical cancer and endometrial cancer are the three common malignant tumors in gynecology, and exploring safer and more efficient treatments to improve the long-term survival rate and life quality of patients has become a hot topic in the current research. Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenolic compound, exists in a variety of plants. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that RES has a certain value in the treatment of malignant tumors. The mechanism of RES anti-tumor role is very complex, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, inhibition of tumor proliferation and metastasis, promotion of autophagy and apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. In this paper, we review the role and mechanism of RES in the three major gynecologic malignant tumors, in order to provide a scientific basis for the development of RES clinical application in the treatment of gynecologic malignant tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics