Abstract: A few patients with persistent human papillomavirus（HPV） infections could develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia（CIN）. CINs are divided into two kinds, high-grade lesion and low-grade lesion, while the high-grade lesion is the true precancerous lesion. With the help of acetic acid and Lugol′s solution, CIN could be recognized by colposcopist. Colposcopy is mainly used to find the high-grade lesion. It is difficult to differentiate the low-grade lesion from immature metaplasia by colposcope. The International Federation of Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy（IFCPC） terminology should be used in clinical practice, so as to academic exchange and the unified understanding. Besides tissue biopsy, colposcopy is used to locate the lesion and to estimate the degree. All these information would be benefit to make an individual management for patient. Nowadays, it is very important for the cervical cancer prevention to strengthen the colposcopy training and quality control. With the increasing coverage of primary and secondary prevention, colposcopy will face the challenge how to preferably distinguish the HPV related lesion.

Key words: Human papillomavirus, Infection, Colposcopy