Abstract:

The good receptivity of the endometrium is crucial for successful pregnancy, and a thin endometrium can lead to the impaired receptivity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is urgent issue in the field of reproductive medicine how to treat thin endometrium, improve endometrial receptivity, and to increase the embryo implantation rate. Understanding the pathophysiological characteristics of thin endometrium can make clinical treatment more targeted. The impaired proliferation of epithelial cells and macrophages, the decreased expression of ovarian steroid hormones and their receptors, the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and the cellular senescence are all involved in the development of thin endometrium. There are various clinical treatments for thin endometrium, such as the use of estrogen, aspirin, tamoxifen and other adjuvant drugs, pelvic floor neuromuscular electrical stimulation, stem cell transplantation, intrauterine infusion of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, platelet-rich plasma, etc. However, some patients with refractory and difficult-to-treat thin endometrium still have poor response to these treatment methods. This review summarizes the pathophysiological characteristics of thin endometrium and the progress in clinical treatment.

Key words: Endometrium, Pathology, Physiology, Stem cells, Platelet-rich plasma, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, Therapy