Abstract: The incidence of female infertility is increasing year by year.Uterine cavity disease and fallopian tube lesion are two main factors of female infertility. The normal uterine cavity is the basic condition of successful pregnancy in both natural conception and assisted reproductive technology. However, a considerable number of doctors pay more attention to the examination and treatment of tubal patency, and not enough attention to the uterine cavity factors causing infertility, in their clinical diagnosis and treatment of infertility. The common uterine diseases causing infertility include endometrial polyps, intrauterine adhesion, uterine abnormalities, uterine fibroids, and so on. At home and abroad，the etiology of uterine diseases are basically similar，the different is the main cause of the order. Hysteroscopy, as a new and minimally invasive gynecological diagnosis and treatment technology, can be used to observe intuitively the uterine cavity, to understand whether there is a uterine cavity disease related to infertility, and to treat synchronously the abnormalities of uterine cavity. Hysteroscopy has become one of the preferred methods for examination and treatment of infertility.

Key words: Infertility, female, Uterine diseases, Zygote, Hysteroscopes