Abstract: The repeated implantation failure is a key problem affecting further improvement of clinical pregnancy rates. Two main reasons of the repeated implantation failure are low endometrial receptivity and defect embryonic development. Hysteroscopy is generally considered to be the golden standard in the diagnosis of intrauterine pathology. It offers direct visualization of endometrium and uterine cavity, which enables clinicians to diagnose and treat intrauterine pathology during the operation in order to optimize the condition of uterine environment. So hysteroscopy could be an effective tool for improving the IVF outcomes of patients with the repeated implantation failure. We discussed here the clinical applications of hysteroscopy in patients with the repeated implantation failures.

Key words: Hysteroscopy, Fertilization in vitro, Embryo implantation, Treatment failure, Pregnancy rate