国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 11-17.doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20250513

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

1990—2021年中国多囊卵巢综合征疾病负担的年龄-时期-队列分析及趋势预测

康旭丽, 刘伯鑫, 贺晓, 翟桧()   

  1. 710038 西安,空军军医大学唐都医院妇产科
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-09 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-02-02
  • 通讯作者: 翟桧 E-mail:2436830763@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    生殖医学中青年医生研究项目(BJHPA-2021-SHZHYXZHQNYJ-002)

Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of the Disease Burden of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in China from 1990 to 2021 and Prediction of the Trend

KANG Xu-li, LIU Bo-xin, HE Xiao, ZHAI Hui()   

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
  • Received:2025-10-09 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2026-02-02
  • Contact: ZHAI Hui E-mail:2436830763@qq.com

摘要:

目的:分析中国1990—2021年多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)疾病负担变化趋势及年龄-时期-队列效应,并预测2022—2035年PCOS发展趋势,为制定针对性防控策略提供参考。方法:基于2021年全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)数据,提取中国PCOS发病率、患病率和伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)率;采用Joinpoint回归分析时间变化趋势,年龄-时期-队列模型评估年龄、时期和出生队列对疾病负担的影响,利用自回归移动平均数(autoregressive integrated moving average,ARIMA)模型预测2022—2035年疾病负担指标。结果:2021年中国PCOS发病人数为13.04万例,年龄标化发病率(age-standardized incidence rate,ASIR)为57.31/10万,较1990年(35.05/10万)升高63.51%;患病人数为948.15万例,年龄标化患病率(age-standardized prevalence rate,ASPR)为2 962.19/10万,较1990年(1 604.41/10万)增长84.63%;DALY为8.13万人年,年龄标化DALY率(age-standardized DALY rate,ASDR)为25.57/10万,较1990年(13.73/10万)增长86.23%。Joinpoint回归显示,1990—2021年ASIR、ASPR和ASDR均呈上升趋势,平均年度变化百分比(average annual percent change,AAPC)分别为1.61%、2.02%和2.05%(均P<0.001)。年龄分布显示,15~19岁为发病高峰年龄段,而患病率高峰出现在25~29岁,30~34岁次之,DALY率在20~24岁达到峰值,并且25~39岁持续处于高水平。年龄-时期-队列模型分析显示,DALY率随年龄增长而持续上升。时期DALY率比随时间推移呈上升趋势,以2006年组为参照,1991年组的率比为0.69,2021年上升至1.15。与1975年出生队列相比,1980年及以后出生队列的疾病风险逐步上升,2005年出生队列的DALY率比为3.36,达到峰值。ARIMA模型拟合优度良好(均R2≥0.999 8),预测至2035年,ASIR、ASPR和ASDR将分别达63.31/10万、3 615.43/10万和31.16/10万,较2021年升高10.47%、22.05%和21.86%。结论:1990—2021年中国PCOS疾病负担持续加重,发病高峰集中于青少年群体(15~19岁)且呈现显著的出生队列递增风险;预测至2035年疾病负担各项指标仍将显著上升,应加强对育龄期女性尤其是年轻群体的早期防控与长期管理。

关键词: 多囊卵巢综合征, 全球疾病负担, 中国, 发病率, 患病率, 伤残调整寿命年, 预测

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the trends in the disease burden of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in China from 1990 to 2021, to evaluate the age-period-cohort effects, and to predict its prevalence trend from 2022 to 2035, thereby providing a reference for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data on the incidence, prevalence, and disability adjusted life year (DALY) rate of PCOS in China were extracted from the 2021 study of Global Burden of Disease (GBD). Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess temporal trends. The age-period-cohort model was employed to evaluate the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on the disease burden. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to predict the disease burden indicators from 2022 to 2035. Results: In 2021, the incident cases of PCOS in China were 130.4 thousand. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 57.31 per 100 000, representing a 63.51% increase from 1990 (35.05 per 100 000). The number of prevalent cases was 9.481 5 million, with an age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of 2 962.19 per 100 000, marking an 84.63% increase from 1990 (1 604.41 per 100 000). The DALY was 81.3 thousand person-years, and the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) was 25.57 per 100 000, showing a 86.23% increase from 1990 (13.73 per 100 000). Joinpoint regression indicated significant upward trends in ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR from 1990 to 2021, with average annual percent change (AAPC) of 1.61%, 2.02%, and 2.05%, respectively (all P<0.001). Age distribution showed that the peak age of incidence was 15-19 years. The prevalence peaked in the 25-29 years group, followed by the 30-34 years group. The DALY rate reached its peak at 20-24 years and remained at a high level at 25-39 years. Age-period-cohort model analysis showed that the DALY rate increased continuously with age. The period DALY rate ratio exhibited an upward trend over time; using the 2006 group as reference, the rate ratio of the 1991 group was 0.69, rising to 1.15 for the 2021 group. Compared with the 1975 birth cohort, the disease risk increased progressively for cohorts born in 1980 and later, with the DALY rate ratio peaking at 3.36 for the 2005 birth cohort. The ARIMA model demonstrated satisfactory goodness-of-fit (all R2≥0.999 8). It is predicted that by 2035, the ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR will reach 63.31 per 100 000, 3 615.43 per 100 000 and 31.16 per 100 000, corresponding to increases of 10.47%, 22.05% and 21.86% compared to 2021, respectively. Conclusions: The disease burden of PCOS in China increased continuously from 1990 to 2021, with the incidence peak concentrated in adolescents (15-19 years) and the increasing risk of birth cohort. Predictions indicate a continued significant rise in all disease burden indicators by 2035. Enhanced early prevention, control, and long-term management for women of reproductive age, particularly younger populations, are warranted.

Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Global disease burden, China, Incidence, Prevalence, Disability adjusted life year, Forecasting