微量精子冷冻保存技术研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20230512

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微量精子样本不仅获取难度大（睾丸/附睾穿刺手术或显微外科取精术）、数目少且质量差，采用传统的冷冻方法还容易导致精子复苏率和回收率低下。为改善微量精子的冷冻保存效果，对现有冷冻保存技术进行了多方面改进，如新研发的多种微量精子冷冻载体在提高活动精子复苏率、精子回收率和操作便利性方面取得了较大进步。抗冻蛋白、卵磷脂、纳米颗粒和抗氧化剂等精子冷冻保护剂辅助因子在一定程度上改善了精子冷冻效果。精子玻璃化冷冻保存技术逐渐展现其发展潜力。综述微量精子冷冻保存技术在冷冻载体、冷冻保护剂和冷冻方案的优化方面的研究进展。

关键词: 精子, 低温保存, 冷冻, 精液保存, 冷冻保护剂

Abstract:

The samples of small numbers of human sperm are not only difficult to obtain (testicular/epididymal puncture surgery or microsurgical sperm extraction), but also few in number and poor in quality. Both the sperm recovery rate and the retrieval rate are low using traditional freezing methods. The existing technology of sperm cryopreservation has been improved in many aspects in order to enhance the cryopreservation effect of small numbers of sperm. The newly developed freezing vectors have made great progress in improving the recovery rate of motile sperm, the recovery rate of sperm and the convenience of operation. The cofactors of cryophosphate, such as antifreeze proteins, lecithin, nanoparticles and antioxidants, improved the cryophosphate effect to some extent. Sperm vitrification cryopreservation technology has gradually shown its development potential. This paper reviews the research progress of cryopreservation of small numbers of sperm, focusing on the optimization of cryopreservation vectors, cryopreservation protectant and cryopreservation program.

Key words: Spermatozoa, Cryopreservation, Freezing, Semen preservation, Cryoprotectant

吴柱连, 汪彩珠, 周红, 陈焕华, 林若芸, 舒金辉. 微量精子冷冻保存技术研究进展[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2024, 43(3): 222-227.

WU Zhu-lian, WANG Cai-zhu, ZHOU Hong, CHEN Huan-hua, LIN Ruo-yun, SHU Jin-hui. Research Progress on the Cryopreservation of Small Numbers of Human Sperm[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2024, 43(3): 222-227.

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