微小RNA调控子宫内膜容受性的研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20250195

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

子宫内膜容受性是指子宫内膜在月经周期的短暂时间窗口（即“着床窗口期”）内经历动态重塑，获得允许囊胚定位、黏附并启动侵入的能力。子宫内膜容受性异常可导致反复着床失败、不明原因不孕症及妊娠丢失等临床难题。近年研究表明，微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）通过靶向抑制mRNA翻译或促进其降解，在子宫内膜容受性动态调控中发挥重要作用。综述miRNA通过参与调节女性雌孕激素、维持免疫微环境稳态、介导血管生成与细胞外基质重塑、调控胞饮突形成和胚胎黏附过程、影响蜕膜化进程调控子宫内膜容受性，旨在为深入理解子宫内膜容受性的分子调控网络提供新视角，以期为反复着床失败、不孕症等生殖障碍的诊疗提供更多的理论依据。

关键词: 微RNAs, 胚胎植入, 蜕膜, 子宫内膜容受性, 反复植入失败

Abstract:

Endometrial receptivity refers to the dynamic remodeling of the endometrium during the short time window of the menstrual cycle (i.e., the “implantation window period”), in which the endometrium acquires the possibility of location, adherence and initiate invasion of the blastocyst. Abnormal endometrial receptivity can lead to clinical problems such as repeated implantation failure, unexplained infertility and pregnancy loss. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the dynamic regulation of endometrial receptivity by targeting and inhibiting the mRNA translation or promoting its degradation. This manuscript summarizes the role of miRNAs in regulating the levels of estrogen and progesterone, maintaining the stability of the immune microenvironment, mediating angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling, regulating the formation of phagocytic protrusions and embryonic adhesion processes, influencing the decidualization process, and further regulating endometrial receptivity. The purpose is not only to provide a new perspective for in-depth understanding of the molecular regulatory network of endometrial receptivity, but also to offer more theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of reproductive disorders such as recurrent implantation failure and infertility.

Key words: MicroRNAs, Embryo implantation, Decidua, Endometrial receptivity, Recurrent implantation failure

蔺凯丽, 宋殿荣. 微小RNA调控子宫内膜容受性的研究进展[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2025, 44(5): 405-410.

LIN Kai-li, SONG Dian-rong. Research Advances on the Regulation of Endometrial Receptivity by MicroRNAs[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2025, 44(5): 405-410.

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