Abstract: Following the development of reproductive medicine and hysterology，the diagnostic rate of endometrial polyps is highly increased. The unbalanced expression of hormone receptors，and the disordered cell proliferation and apoptosis，may play a role in the pathogenensis of polyps. The long term of estrogen stimulation without progestational hormone，the concomitant endometrial glandular dysplasia or endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma，the strong positive expression of P21ras proteins，the lack of PTEN dyeing area and the overexpression of MTP53 proteins in polyps tissue may be risk factors of endometrial cancers. Those findings provide us a new entry for the therapy of endometrial polyps and a path of translational medicine.

Key words: Polyps, Endometrial neoplasms, Receptors, estrogen, Receptors, progesterone, Proto-oncogene proteins p21（ras）, PTEN phosphohydrolase, Tumor suppressor protein p53, Translational medicine