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15 March 2013, Volume 32 Issue 2
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Current Status and Advances in Study of Intra-tubal Contraceptive Device WANG Lei-guang;QIU Yi 2013, 32 (2):  77-79.  Abstract ( 1950 )   PDF (362KB) ( 7410 )   Fallopian tubal sterilization is one of the most useful ways of reproductive age women for family planning in China. However, tubal ligation is a trauma surgery with some complications and sequelae. Its acceptability is poor. Therefore, the efficient, safe, reversible, minimally invasive or non-invasive female contraceptive method is the focus of the current study, such as the intra-tubal device （ITD） with less adverse reaction and complications. The procedure of ITD placement is a non-invasive surgery. If the ITD is removed, the users will be able to restore their fertility again. ITD may be possible to replace the traditional tubal ligation and to provide a new, non-invasive and reversible contraceptive for women of reproductive age. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Contraceptive Effect of New Three-dimensional and Reticular Intrauterine Device with Nickel-titanium and Silicone Rubber in Rats QIU Yi;ZHANG Mei-hua;YU Ling;XU Guan-zhao;LI Xin-ying;WANG Lei-guang 2013, 32 (2):  80-83.  Abstract ( 1967 )   PDF (534KB) ( 7522 )   Objective： To develop a new three-dimensional and reticular intrauterine device （NTDR-IUD） with nickel-titanium （Ni-Ti） and silicone rubber，and to observe its contraceptive effect in rats. Methods：The materials of NTDR-IUD were nitinol wire and silicone rubber. Frame surface was coated by a layer of silicone rubber. Ninety Wistar rats were equally divided into three groups, the test group（placing NTDR-IUD），the surgical control group（operation but no placing NTDR-IUD） and the non-surgical control group. NTDR-IUD was placed into uterus using inserter by lower abdominal incision. After 2 weeks，female rats of three groups were caged together with male rats（female∶male=2∶1）. The contraceptive effects of NTDR-IUD were observed at post-operation 1，2，3，4，5 and 6 months. Ten female rats of the test group were removed the NTDR-IUD from bilateral uterine horns post-operation 3 months. After 2 weeks of removement, these 10 rats and 20 rats from two control groups were caged together with male rats. Results：NTDR-IUD was successfully developed for the three-dimensional and reticular structure. The shape of NTDR-IUD was heart-shaped or inverted pear-shaped. The shape of NTLDR-IUD for animals was spiral structure. After 1，2 and 3 months placing NTDR-IUD，there were not any pregnant，NTDR-IUD were detected by X-ray. There was no pregnancy in 20 female rats of the test group in following 4，5 and 6 months. In the sham operation group，28 of 30 rats were pregnant with average of 9.6±1.0 natal baby-rats per female rat. In the non-surgical control group，29 of 30 rats were pregnant with the average of 9.8±1.2 natal baby-rats. There were significant difference in the number of pregnant rats and natal baby-rats between the test group，the sham operation group and the non-surgical control group（P<0.01）. In the test group，10 rats were pregnant with the average of 9.5±1.3 baby-rats after removed the NTDR-IUD，and 10 rats were pregnant with the average of 9.9±1.5 baby-rats in the sham operation group and the non-surgical control group. There were no significant difference in the number of natal baby-rats between the sham operation group，the non-surgical control group and the test group（P>0.05）. Conclusions：This three-dimensional and reticular IUD has a good contraceptive effect for female rats，and it may be used as a new contraceptive device for women in future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of Micro Contraceptive Device Coating with PTFE on Tubal Recanalization FU Zheng-ying;GUO Yan-ling 2013, 32 (2):  84-86.  Abstract ( 2016 )   PDF (561KB) ( 7420 )   Objective： To observe the tubal reversal rate and re-pregnancy function after the micro contraceptive device coating PTFE was taken out. It is useful for the clinical application of this reversible contraceptive device. Methods：This recoverable fallopian tube contraceptive device was prepared using the PTFE spraying technique. Female rabbits were assigned randomly into two groups，the test group with 12 rabbits，and control group with 6 rabbits. The contraceptive devices were input in both oviducts in the test group. After 4 weeks，12 weeks，24 weeks of treatment，the contraceptive devices were removed from 4 rabbits. The hydrotubation was did，and then the re-pregnancy was tested. Results：PTFE spraying technique was simple and easy. This contraceptive device was smooth on surface. The hydrotubation test showed that there were 21 patency，2 through but no smooth，1 impatency in 24 fallopian tubes of the test group，with the patency rate 95.8%（23/24）. The re-pregnancy test showed that there were 11 pregnancy and 1 infertility，with the re-pregnancy rate 91.66%（11/12）. Conclusions：Fallopian tube recovered patency without synechia after the PTFE coating contraceptive device was removed. So this contraceptive device was safe and reliable，without adverse reaction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of the Hsa miR-7 Lentiviral Expression Vector and its Expression in Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line HO8910-PM WANG Wen-wen;QIU Li-hua 2013, 32 (2):  87-90.  Abstract ( 2006 )   PDF (767KB) ( 7348 )   Objective： To construct the Hsa miR-7 lentiviral vector, and to detect its effectiveness in human ovarian cancer cell line HO8910-PM. It is the bases of functional study of Hsa miR-7 in ovarian cancer. Methods：Hsa miR-7 was amplified from the genomic DNA and inserted into pLVX-IRES-ZsGreen1 vector after double digestion to generate pLVX-miR7-IRES-ZsGreen1 vector. The vector was then confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. HO8910-PM was infected by the concentrated lentivirus 293T produced. Pre-miR-7，miR-7 and gene EGFR were assessed by qPCR. Results：The recombinant lentiviral vector was successfully established and confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Pre-miR-7 （t=17.909，P=0.004） was integrated into the genome of HO8910-PM and miR-7 （t=35.320，P=0.024） expression was enhanced effectively by qPCR. Moreover，miR-7 target gene EGFR was also reduced both in mRNA （t=8.83，P=0.005） and protein （t=22.14，P=0.002） levels after miR-7 overexpression in HO8910-PM. Conclusions：The Hsa miR-7 lentiviral expression vector was successfully constructed，and the Hsa miR-7 overexpressed in HO8910-PM cell line. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of the Contraceptives Transition Protocol on Moderate or Severe Endometriosis Patients in in vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer LI Jie;LUO Li-hua;WU Li;LIU Yu-sheng 2013, 32 (2):  91-94.  Abstract ( 1990 )   PDF (586KB) ( 7439 )   Objective： To compare the level of luteinizing hormone and the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer （IVF-ET） conducted with prolonged protocol and long protocol on infertile patients with moderate or severe endometriosis. Methods：A retrospective analysis was performed. Those 69 infertile patients （69 cycles） with moderate or severe endometriosis were treated with long-term gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist（GnRHa） down-regulation for 3 months following IVF-ET treatment. Those patients were divided into 2 groups based on different start-time of the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation（COH） protocol，27 patients were in the general ultra-long-protocol group（control group） who received Gn treatment on the 28th day after the last injection day；42 patients were in the contraceptives transition protocol group （OC group） who received oral contraceptives 1 tablet per day on the 28th day after the last injection day and injected GnRHa（Diphereline） on the 17th day. All patients received gonadotropin（Gn） treatment 14 days after the GnRHa 1.25-1.88 mg injection. Results：The OC group had significantly higher implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate than control group（χ2=5.518，P=0.019； χ2=4.010，P=0.045）. Conclusions：The controlled ovarian hyperstimulation applied with contraceptives transition long protocol after GnRHa down-regualtion is a better way for those patients with emdometriosis. It is easy to master the start time of Gn and alleviate the excessive inhibition of GnRHa for pituitary. This method can obtain good pregnancy outcome. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Mid-trimester Termination of Pregnancy in 34 Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus CHEN Wei-lin;JIN Li;LIU Xin-yan;PENG Ping 2013, 32 (2):  95-97.  Abstract ( 2005 )   PDF (577KB) ( 7454 )   Objective： To evaluate the optimal operation method for the midtrimester termination of pregnancy in those women with systemic lupus erythematosus（SLE），and to investigate the family planning and midtrimester termination methods in those SLE women. Methods：A retrospective study was carried out on 34 cases with SLE who accepted mid-trimester induced abortion in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Jan. 1994 to Apr. 2012. Results：There were 15（４４．１％） avoidable abortion cases with the reasons of social factors or unintended pregnancy during SLE treatment. There were 19（５５．９％) inevitable abortion cases. Main reasons included fetus factors，the first attack of SLE during pregnancy，SLE flare with planning pregnancy during the SLE stable period. The abortion methods included：3 cases with dilatation and evacuation in 12-16 weeks of pregnancy；Two cases with medical procedures with mifepristone plus misoprostol；■ cases with amniocentesis after injection of ethacridine into amniotic sac in 17-28 weeks of pregnancy；Four cases with cesarean section. There are no difference between two groups in pregnant week and method of abortion. Lupus flares during pregnancy of the inevitable group （16/19） was more than that of the evitable group（6/15，P＜0.05）. One massive hemorrhage happened in the dilatation and evacuation. There were no more complications. Conclusions：The midtrimester induced abortion was safe for SLE women under SLE well-controlled，but the operation should be valued as high risk. Those SLE patients should be given timely and accurate family planning guidance in case of those concomitant risks during unintended pregnancy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Etiology Analysis of Postpartum Depression and Community Health Care: Retrospective Analysis of 324 Cases HU Cheng-zhen;CHEN Zhi-ping 2013, 32 (2):  98-99.  Abstract ( 1684 )   PDF (585KB) ( 7445 )   Objective： To investigate the related risk factors of postpartum depression， and provide a theoretical basis for community health care. Methods：The retrospective analysis of 324 cases，with the maternal Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale（EPDS） and self-designed questionnaire, was done. Results：The occurrence of postpartum depression was 11.42%. The marital relations，family condition and care were important factors of postpartum depression（P＜0.05），while the birth age，mode of delivery and maternal education level may be those relevant factors of postpartum depression（but P＞0.05）. The depressive symptoms were significantly improved in 28 patients with the community intervention therapy（the improved rate，75.7%）. Conclusions：Community health workers can provide prenatal and postnatal care for pregnant women，as well as medical intervention and effective social support， which is important to prevent postpartum depression and reduce its incidence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advance in the Subdermal Contraceptive Implants QIAN Cui-feng;HUANG Zi-rong 2013, 32 (2):  107-110.  Abstract ( 1996 )   PDF (660KB) ( 7420 )   The progestogen-releasing subdermal implants were popular contraceptive methods for those reproductive age women because of their effectiveness，long-duration and safety. The implants were suitable for most women with the improved releasing system and optimized progestogen. Unscheduled bleeding was the most common adverse event while other adverse events rarely occured. All adverse events will gradually alleviate, without any serious adverse events. It is disadvantage that implants must be inserted and removed by a surgical professional. Resent studies concentrated on the safety and adverse events of implants, including their influences on metabolism, bone mineral density, breast milk and infants, etc. At present, two main problems are how to reduce adverse events and to develop new biodegradable implants. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Oral Contraceptives Protecting Ovarian Function JIN Ai-hong;GU Jiang-hong 2013, 32 (2):  111-113.  Abstract ( 2128 )   PDF (625KB) ( 7463 )   Premature ovarian failure （POF） is an important problem when chemotherapy drugs were used in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Oral contraceptions （OCs） can reduce gonadotropins synthesis and secretion by the negative feedback which make ovary dormant status against the damage of cytotoxic drugs. Meanwhile, OCs can restrain apoptosis of follicle granular cell and oocyte by up-regulating Bcl-2 expression and down-regulating Bax expression. The integrity and liquidity of cell membrane can be protected by reducing the oxygen free radicals production. This article reviewed the mechanism of oral contraceptives protecting ovarian function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Dehydroepiandrosterone in Patients with Diminished Ovarian Reserve Undergoing IVF-ET HU Rong;SONG Xue-ru;XIA Tian 2013, 32 (2):  114-117.  Abstract ( 1930 )   PDF (751KB) ( 7517 )   More and more patients seem to suffer from the diminished ovarian reserve （DOR） in those infertility populations. How to improve the outcome of IVF-ET in those patients is still a problem. Recently，the first randomized prospective study, and other studies，showed that dehydroepiandrosterone（DHEA）supplementation could improve ovarian reserve，increase pregnancy rates and lower miscarriage rates by reducing aneuploidy. It is necessary to explore the effect of androgens on folliculogenesis and ovulation induction. There was a hypothesis that the diminished ovarian reserve was due to the poor ovarian environments，but not oocytes themselves. DHEA may be a new agent to improve the aging ovarian environments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ovarian Reserve and Endoscopic Surgery for Infertility WU Meng-qiong;YANG Dong-zi 2013, 32 (2):  118-122.  Abstract ( 2007 )   PDF (801KB) ( 7578 )   Endoscopy， such as laparoscopy （LP） and hysteroscopy（HP），has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility due to the pathological changes in ovaries，fallopian tubes，uterus or other organs in the pelvic cavity. However，the side effect of electric injury on ovaries is not negligible. So far，many studies have shown that the laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma resection, laparoscopic tubal ligation, laparoscopic salpingectomy，and laparoscopic ovarian drilling, could cause the declined ovarian reserve. There is not a conclusion in short-term follow-up at present on whether the hysteroscopic endometrial resection or laparoscopic myomectomy impaire ovarian function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Hepatitis C Virus Infection on Sperm Quality and Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Technology LI Miao;ZHU Yi-min 2013, 32 (2):  123-126.  Abstract ( 1959 )   PDF (774KB) ( 7488 )   HCV infection attracted extensive attention, especially HCV infection in the perinatal period. HCV-RNA can be detected in semen and sperm even at low level. Patients with HCV infection had the impaired sperm parameters, including routine analysis and biofunctional parameters, which suggested that HCV infection impacted male fertility. Those HCV couples can obtain their pregnancies by assisted reproductive technology （ART）, and the risk of HCV transmission in perinatal period can be reduced, while health of their descendents can not be ignored. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Endometrial Polyps and Translational Medicine JIANG Xuan;JIN Li 2013, 32 (2):  127-131.  Abstract ( 2015 )   PDF (841KB) ( 7454 )   Following the development of reproductive medicine and hysterology，the diagnostic rate of endometrial polyps is highly increased. The unbalanced expression of hormone receptors，and the disordered cell proliferation and apoptosis，may play a role in the pathogenensis of polyps. The long term of estrogen stimulation without progestational hormone，the concomitant endometrial glandular dysplasia or endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma，the strong positive expression of P21ras proteins，the lack of PTEN dyeing area and the overexpression of MTP53 proteins in polyps tissue may be risk factors of endometrial cancers. Those findings provide us a new entry for the therapy of endometrial polyps and a path of translational medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Local High Level of Estrogen and Endometriosis ZHENG Juan;QI Xiao-chen;CUI Yu-gui 2013, 32 (2):  132-135.  Abstract ( 1935 )   PDF (687KB) ( 7462 )   Endometriosis is a common estrogen-dependent gynaecological disease. In addition to the well-known endocrine mechanism，secretion of steroid hormones and cytokines by endometriotic cells is associated with the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Aromatase shows higher expression in endometriosis compared with normal endometrium. Aromatase expression in ectopic endometrium is regulated by various cytokines，such as prostaglandin E2（PGE2），steroidogenic factor 1（SF-1），interleukin 6 （IL-6） and so on. Immune and environmental factors can also stimulate aromatase expression and consequently increase estradiol biosynthesis in endometriotic tissue. Additionally，the decreased expressions of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase （17beta-HSD） type 2 and sulfate transferase in endometriotic tissues result in the reduced deactivation of E2. In summary，high E2 production and low E2 deactivation may stimulate the growth of endometriotic lesions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prenatal Androgen Excessive Exposure related to Fetal Programming of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome YAN Xiao-nan;CUI Yu-gui;LIU Jia-yin 2013, 32 (2):  136-139.  Abstract ( 1901 )   PDF (689KB) ( 7438 )   Clinical，experimental and genetic evidence suggested that polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS）could have an fetal origin of adult disease. During fetal development，prenatal androgens excess may intervene the epigenome，such as the altered DNA methylation and genomic imprinting，which may increase the later risk of PCOS. Exposure to androgens in utero induces a permanent ■ phenotype characterized by hyperandrogenism, abnormal follicle development，luteinizing hormone hypersecretion from the reduced hypothalamic sensitivity to steroid negative feedback，and insulin resistance from the increased abdominal adiposity. The ability of prenatal androgens excess to alter the developmental trajectory of multiple organ systems could be one of early mechanisms of PCOS pathogenesis, which could be valuable for PCOS prevention in groups with high risks. Related Articles | Metrics

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Infection of Human Papilloma Virus in Adolescent JI Ning;LIU Jing;HU Xiao-pu;WANG Kun;WU Shang-chun 2013, 32 (2):  140-142.  Abstract ( 1922 )   PDF (740KB) ( 7434 )   Human papiloma virus (HPV), a highly infectious virus, is widely distributed. HPV infection is one of the most common viral infections in reproductive tract. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women in worldwide. 99% patients with cervical cancer had genital infection with HPV. The HPV vaccines can effectively protect from precancerous lesions and other anogenital pathology, while HPV infection can not be cured once and for all. Young people is vulnerable to HPV. We reviewed the HPV infection in young people. Related Articles | Metrics