Abstract: Approximately 10%-15% of couples are infertile, while male infertility is almost half of all infertility. Spermatogenic failure is a major cause of male infertility, which shows azoospermia or oligozoospermia. Studies showed that Y chromosome plays an important role in spermatogenesis, and that Yq microdeletions are related to male infertility. X chromosome, as a single copy and unique expression in male, also plays an important role in spermatogenesis. Studies on teratozoospermia and asthenozoospermia showed that four genes located on autosomal chromosomes（SPATA16, PICK1，CATSPER and AURKC） probably involved in spermatogenic failure. In future, more and more new genetic tests will be developed and used in the clinical practice of spermatogenic failure, with the worldwide efforts.

Key words: Infertility, male, Genetics, medical, Genes, Spermatogenesis, Azoospermia, Oligospermia, Asthenozoospermia