Abstract: In assisted reproductive technology (ART), the endometrial thickness is a common index of the endometrial function. When the endometrium is too thin to suit for embryonic implantation and clinical pregnancy, it is defined as the thin endometrium. Although there are many treatments for thin endometrium, the effects are not satisfied. Stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ES), adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS), with the ability of self-renewal and differentiation, have been applied in many clinical trials. Studies showed that stem cells can be induced to endometrial cells, and that stem cells can promote the endometrial growth of endometrium, which means that stem cells may be used to treat thin endometrium. In this review, we discussed the research progress on the application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (ＢＭＳＣｓ), endometrial stem cells (EDSCs), human embryonic stem cells (ｈＥＳＣｓ) and human wharton′s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) in the treatment of thin endometrium, and compared their advantages and disadvantages.

Key words: Thin endometrium, Endometrium, Stem cells, Stem cell transplantation, Therapy