Abstract: Objective：To investigate the influencing factors of the fertility desire in women of childbearing age in Shanghai under the comprehensive two-child policy, so as to provide a reference for improving the birth policy and the related measures. Methods: Using the method of target sampling, 920 couples in 4 Streets of 2 Districts of Shanghai were selected for the questionnaire survey. Those women, aged 15-49 years and with child, had the census register in Shanghai. The chi square test and Logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of the fertility desire. Results: A total of 904 valid questionnaires were collected, among which 20.7% had the positive fertility desire, 57.7% were unintentional and 21.6% uncertain. The regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of the fertility desire were included: childbearing age, family income, type of couple, fertility preference and regional difference. Conclusions: The comprehensive two-child policy has the limited influence on the fertility desire in women of childbearing age. The actual number of childbearing children is obviously lower than that of policy permission. In addition to the fertility policy, there are many factors affecting the fertility desire. After the comprehensive two-child policy, it is necessary to extend the maternity leave and lactation leave, and to provide more economic support.

Key words: Two-child policy, Women, Reproductive history, Questionnaires, Epidemiologic factors