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15 January 2019, Volume 38 Issue 1
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Birth Desire and Influencing Factors in Those Women with One Child under the Comprehensive Two-Child Policy LIANG Ai-yu 2019, 38 (1):  5-10.  Abstract ( 1407 )   PDF (1072KB) ( 8889 )   Objective：To investigate the influencing factors of the fertility desire in women of childbearing age in Shanghai under the comprehensive two-child policy, so as to provide a reference for improving the birth policy and the related measures. Methods: Using the method of target sampling, 920 couples in 4 Streets of 2 Districts of Shanghai were selected for the questionnaire survey. Those women, aged 15-49 years and with child, had the census register in Shanghai. The chi square test and Logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of the fertility desire. Results: A total of 904 valid questionnaires were collected, among which 20.7% had the positive fertility desire, 57.7% were unintentional and 21.6% uncertain. The regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of the fertility desire were included: childbearing age, family income, type of couple, fertility preference and regional difference. Conclusions: The comprehensive two-child policy has the limited influence on the fertility desire in women of childbearing age. The actual number of childbearing children is obviously lower than that of policy permission. In addition to the fertility policy, there are many factors affecting the fertility desire. After the comprehensive two-child policy, it is necessary to extend the maternity leave and lactation leave, and to provide more economic support. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Toxicity of BaP in Early Pregnancy and Protective Effect of Schisandra Chinensis in Embryo Damage LIANG Jing，HOU Hai-yan，WANG Meng，CHEN Ya-qiong 2019, 38 (1):  10-15.  Abstract ( 1386 )   PDF (3884KB) ( 8917 )   Objective：To study the effect of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on the early pregnancy and its mechanism, as well as the protective effect of Schisandra chinesis extrac (SCE) on the Bap-induced damage of early embryo. Methods: Female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (15 rats/group): control group, model (BaP 2 mg·kg-1·d-1) group, low-dose SCE (BaP plus SCE 40 mg·kg-1·d-1) group, middle-dose SCE (BaP plus SCE 200 mg·kg-1·d-1) group and high-dose SCE (BaP plus SCE 1 000 mg·kg-1·d-1) group. After 15 days of treatment, those female rats were mated with normal male rats to get the pregnancy. On the ninth day of gestation, all female rats were sacrificed. The ultrastructural change of embryo was observed by transmission electron microscope. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the embryonic tissues were measured by the oxidant-injury testing Kits; the level of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG) was also measured by a ELISA Kit. Results: There were no obvious abnormalities on the surface and ultrastructure in the control group and three SCE groups. The embryos in the model group were of uneven size and abnormal blood stasis on surface and abnormal ultrastructure, as well as abnormal apoptosis. The levels of SOD, GSH-Px were significantly decreased in the model group when compared with the control group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), while the level of MDA was increased significantly (P＜0.01). The levels of SOD in three SCE groups were significantly increased when compared with the model group (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). The level of GSH-Px was significantly increased, and the level of MDA decreased in the high-does SCE group when compared with the model group (both P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, the model group had significantly lower level of 8-OHdG (P＜0.01). Interestingly, the levels of MDA were significantly decreased in the high-dose and middle-does SCE groups when compared with the model group (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). Conclusions: Benzo [a] pyrene exposure before pregnancy has the embryonic toxicity in rats, including oxidative damage, DNA damage and inducted apoptosis. SCE play a protective role in the early embryo through antioxidant, anti-DNA damage and anti-apoptosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Various Endometrial Preparation Protocols in Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles on the Clinical Outcomes of the Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome JI Xiao-yuan, WANG Jia-yi, ZHAO Chun, LI Xin, LING Xiu-feng, ZHANG Jun-qiang, SU Yan 2019, 38 (1):  16-19.  Abstract ( 1316 )   PDF (899KB) ( 8785 )   Objective：To investigate the effects of different endometrial preparation protocols in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles on the clinical outcomes of the patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: The data of 633 FET cycles of PCOS patients from January 2016 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. According to endometrial preparation protocols, the patients were grouped into the　ovulation induction group（group A，n=61）, the hormone replacement group（group B，n=347）and the pituitary down-regulation combined with hormone replacement group （ｇｒoup C，n=22５）． Ｔhe basic characteristics and the pregnancy outcomes were compared among three groups. Results: There were no significant differences in the age，time of infertility, body mass index, basic FSH level, E2 level, the number of transfered embryos，the rate of embryo implantation, the clinical pregnancy rate and the multiple pregnancy rate among three groups （all P＞0.05）. The basic level of LH in the group C was higher than that in the group B (P＜0.０５），ａnd endometrial thickness on the day of embryo transfer in the group C was higher than those in the group A and the group（both P＜0.05）. The levels of LH, FSH, and E2 before hormone administration in the group C were significantly lower than those in the group A and group B （ａｌl P＜0.0５）． The early abortion rate in the group A was significantly lower than those in the group B and the group C（P＜0.05），and the ectopic pregnancy rate in the group B was significantly lower than that in the group C（P＜0.05）. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the duration and total dosage of estrogen administrated between the group B and the group C（P＞0.05）. Conclusions: For the patients with PCOS undergoing FET, the endometrial preparation protocols such as ovulation induction, hormone replacement and down regulation combined with hormone replacement can obtain satisfactory pregnancy outcomes，and the first two strategies have their own advantages in reducing the early abortion rate and the ectopic pregnancy rate. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Level of Serum Vitamin D and the Pregnancy Outcome of In-Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection-Embryo Transplantation in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome WAN Yan-ling, HAO Cui-fang 2019, 38 (1):  20-25.  Abstract ( 1377 )   PDF (992KB) ( 8855 )   Objective：To investigate the correlation between serum vitamin D and the pregnancy outcome of in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A total of 286 infertility women with PCOS underwent IVF/ICSI from November 2016 to June 2018 were included，including 114 women received fresh embryo transfer (ET). According to the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25OHD), those patients were divided into three groups: vitamin D deficiency group (≤10 ng/mL), insufficiency group (10-30 ng/mL) and sufficiency group (≥30 ng/mL).The pregnancy rate of IVF/ICSI was analyzed. Furthermore, the patients with fresh ET were further divided into two groups: clinical pregnancy group and non-pregnancy group. After adjusting for baselines of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and endometrial thickness on the ET day, logistic regression analysis on the vitamin D level and clinical pregnancy outcome of IVF/ICSI-ET was performed. Results: (1)There were significant differences in BMI, baseline testosterone, the ratio of baseline LH/FSH among three groups (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in the indicators of ovulation induction (P＞0.05). (2)In those fresh ET patients, there were significant differences in BMI, the rate of fertilization and the rate of embryo implantation among three subgroups (P＜0.05). (3) The baselines of LH and testosterone in the pregnancy group were lower than those in the non-pregnancy group (P＜0.05), while the endometrial thickness on the ET day and the rate of fertilization in the pregnancy group were significantly higher than those in the non-pregnancy group (P＜0.05). After adjusting for age, baseline LH, baseline testosterone, the endometrial thickness on the ET day and the ratio of baseline LH/FSH, the logistic regression analysis showed that the pregnancy rates in the vitamin D insufficiency group and the sufficiency group were significantly higher than this rate in the vitamin D deficiency group （aOR=5.559，95%CI：1.463-21.124，P=0.012；aOR=11.192，95%CI：1.674-74.822，P=0.013）. Conclusions: The level of serum vitamin D≥10 ng/mL is a protective factor of IVF/ICSI-ET in women with PCOS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pregnancy Outcomes of Artificial Insemination in Natural Cycle and Artificial Cycle for Women with Different Body Mass Index WU Rong，WU Huan，WANG Chao，WANG Ying, HU Jing-jing, WEI Zhao-lian, CAO Yun-xia 2019, 38 (1):  26-29.  Abstract ( 1413 )   PDF (899KB) ( 8781 )   Objective：To compare the pregnancy outcomes of artificial insemination in natural cycle and ovulation cycle for women with different body mass index. Methods：This retrospective study included 1 707 female patients undergoing artificial insemination by donor from March 2011 to April 2017. There were 1 314 cases in normal weight group （Among them，there were 1 162 natural cycle and 152 artificial cycles, 18.5 kg/ m2≤BMI＜24 kg/m2），320 cases in excess weight group（Among them，there were 270 natural cycle and 50 artificial cycles, 24 kg/m2≤BMI＜28 kg/m2） and 73 cases in obesity group（Among them，there were 54 natural cycle and 19 artificial cycles, BMI≥28 kg/m2）. The biochemical pregnancy rate，clinical pregnancy rate，abortion rate and live birth rate of AID were compared in women with different body mass index, and between two different cycles. Results：In normal weight group, the abortion rate of AID in artificial cycles was significantly higher than that in natural cycles（29.03%，9/31 vs. 11.45%，30/262，χ2=0.589，P=0.014），however there were significant differences in the biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate when compared between two different cycles (all P＞0.05). In excess weight group, the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in natural cycles（23.33%，63/270：21.48%，58/270）were significantly higher than those in artificial cycles（10%，5/50：8%，4/50，χ2=4.482，P=0.034；χ2=4.908，P=0.027），however there were no significant differences in the biochemical pregnancy rate and the abortion rate when compared between two different cycles（both P＞0.05），so as. However，in obesity group，the difference of pregnancy outcomes was no significant when compared between natural cycles and ovulation cycles （P＞0.05）. Conclusions：Some parameters of clinical outcomes of natural cycles may be better than those of ovulatory cycles in those women undergoing AID treatment. Especially, the pregnancy outcome of natural cycles is better than that of ovulatory cycles in those women with excess weight. The natural cycle should be advocated for those suitable women. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin on the Transfer Day of Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles on Pregnancy Outcomes LIU Yi-xuan，ZHU Min，YAN Hong-li，ZHANG Hui-qin，DU Hui，ZHANG Wen-jing，FENG Shu-gai，WANG Ji-mang，YIN Hui-rong，SONG Di，CAI Yan-ping，HU Ting-ting，HONG Yi，WU Hai-shen，WANG Ling，SHI Min-feng 2019, 38 (1):  30-34.  Abstract ( 1361 )   PDF (927KB) ( 8886 )   Objective：To investigate the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injected on the transfer day on the pregnancy outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Methods：A total of 1636 FET cycles from May 2015 to August 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. These cycles were divided into the hCG group (1 084 cycles) and the control group (552 cycles). The pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results：The baseline characteristics of age, body mass index, infertile duration, basic FSH level, number of embryos transferred and endometrial thickness on the transfer day were similar in the two groups (P＞0.05). There were no significant differences in the clinical pregnancy outcomes between the two groups, including the clinical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, abortion rate and live birth rate(P＞0.05). The subgroup analysis, based on the transferred embryos at the cleavage stage, morula stage and blastocyst stage, found that there was no significant difference in the outcome of pregnancy(P＞0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that age, the number of transferred embryos and transferred high-quality embryos were the factors influencing clinical pregnancy, and that age was an independent factor influencing the live birth rate. The live birth rate in those aging women was lower. Conclusions: HCG injected on the transfer day of FET cycles has no significant effect on the clinical pregnancy outcomes. Age is an important factor of the pregnancy outcomes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of GnRHa Ultra Long Protocol on Clinical Outcomes of IVF/ICSI-ET in Patients with Different Stages of Endometriosis: A Meta-Analysis LI Xin -xin，ZHANG Ao，QUAN Song 2019, 38 (1):  35-42.  Abstract ( 1327 )   PDF (1691KB) ( 8850 )   Objective：To evaluate the effect of GnRHa ultra long protocol on clinical outcomes of IVF/ICSI-ET in patients with different stages of endometriosis. Methods：PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP database, CBM and Google Scholar were searched to identify those studies involving human subjects published before August 1st, 2018. Those clinical trials that compared the effects of the GnRHa ultra long protocol and the GnRHa long protocol on clinical outcomes of IVF/ICSI-ET in patients with endometriosis were included. The meta-analysis was performed by two investigators. Results：Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Comparing with the GnRHa long protocol, the GnRHa ultral long protocol in those endometriosis patients at stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ had significantly higher Gn doses (SMD=0.36, 95%CI： 0.01-0.70) and higher implantation rate (RR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.04-1.37), and lower number of oocytes retrieved (SMD=-0.26, 95%CI: -0.48- -0.04), although there were no significant differences in basal FSH, Gn days and clinical pregnancy rate (all P＞0.05). In those endometriosis patients at stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, the GnRHa ultra long protocol had significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate (RR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.06-1.80) when compared with the GnRHa long protocol, although there were no significantly differences in basal FSH, Gn doses, Gn days, the number of oocytes retrieved and implantation rate (all P＞0.05). Conclusions：For those endometriosis patients at stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, the GnRHa ultra long protocol could not improve the pregnancy rate, but cost more Gn and retrieve fewer oocytes. For those endometriosis patients at stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, the GnRHa ultra long protocol could significantly improve the pregnancy rate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression Profile of MiRNAs Associated with Vascular Remodeling in Decidual Tissue of Early Pregnancy YU Tian-tian, HONG Li-hua 2019, 38 (1):  43-47.  Abstract ( 1243 )   PDF (1167KB) ( 9004 )   Objective：To explore the expression profile of miRNAs related to vascular remodeling of endometrium, and to predict the target genes, as a pioneer research of the pathogenesis of early pregnancy loss (EPL). Methods: The differentially expressed miRNAs in the decidual tissues of EPL were tested using the miRNA microarray, and the expression profile of miRNAs related to vascular remodeling was determined. The target genes of those differentially expressed miRNAs were screened using miRWalk2.0 database. The bioinformatics analysis of these target genes was performed by Gene Ontology analysis (GO-analysis) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway analysis (KEGG Pathway analysis). Results: There were 70 differentially expressed miRNAs in the deciduas tissues of EPL, including 32 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated miRNAs. MiR-125a-5p and miR-29c-3p were two miRNAs with the highest difference times (Ratio＞2.0) in those up-regulated miRNAs, and the predicted target gene was VEGFA. The function of target gene set was mainly located in the positive regulation of RNA metabolism, vascular development, endothelial cell proliferation and hypoxia and angiogenesis. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that the gene set was mostly located in mTOR signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusions: The up-regulated expressions of miR-125a-5p and miR-29c-3p may affect the vascular remodeling in endometrial decidualization by regulating the VEGFA expression, suggesting that miR-125a-5p and miR-29c-3p participate in the pathogenesis of EPL. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Characteristics and Laparoscopic Treatment of 21 Cases with Bowel Endometriosis SUN Yu-xin，LIU Qing，LIU Kai-jiang，LI Pei-quan 2019, 38 (1):  48-52.  Abstract ( 1328 )   PDF (2556KB) ( 8821 )   Objective：To explore the clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of bowel endometriosis (BE). Methods：A total of 21 patients with BE from February 2014 to January 2018 were recruited. The clinical characters, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of 21 cases were summarized and analyzed. Results：The intestinal manifestation in 21 patients included diarrhea, constipation, defecation pain, and so on. Seven patients (33.33%) underwent the laparoscopic superficial excision while the remaining 14 patients (66.67%) underwent the laparoscopic colorectal resection. There were no operative complications of intestinal fistulas, anastomotic bleeding, anastomotic fistulas and anastomotic stenosis. The other complications included small-bowel obstruction (1 case, 4.76%), urinary retentions (2 cases, 9.52%) and pelvic infection (1 case, 4.76%). The scores of visual analogue score (VAS) of dysmenorrheal, dyspareunia, defecation pain and hypogastralgia were significantly lowered (P＜0.05). The intestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and constipation, were remitted. Conclusions：The clinical manifestation of BE is not typical, so the diagnosis of BE is difficult. Laparoscopic treatment of BE can effectively remitted the endometriosis-related symptoms, suggesting that the laparoscopy is the first choice of surgical treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantitative Evaluation of the Quality of High-Resolution Chromosome G Band Preparation of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes HU Liang，LUO Xiao-jin， CONG Xiao-yi， PEI Yuan-yuan， WEI Feng-xiang 2019, 38 (1):  53-55.  Abstract ( 1486 )   PDF (802KB) ( 8791 )   Objective：To develop a quantitative evaluation method for G-band chromosome preparation. Methods：233 subjects were randomly selected for peripheral blood karyotyping analysis in our hospital from Sep 2016 to Mar 2017. For each sample，both conventional method and high resolution chromosome method were used for cell culture，harvest and karyotype analysis. Quality evaluation score was obtained using 15 quality assessment bands. This score was then compared between the low-median resolution group and the high resolution group. Results：The score of high resolution group was higher than that of group （P＜0.05）. The chromosomes of high resolution group were clear, rich in stripes，moderate in length and dispersion. Conclusions：The quality evaluation based on 15 quality assessment bands can be used to quantify the effect of chromosome preparation，as the internal quality control in laboratory and external quality assessment among laboratories of chromosome karyotyping analysis, suggesting its clinical value in the diagnosis of chromosomal diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Positive Rate of Ureaplasma Urealyticum in Female Migrants of Child-Bearing Age in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ZHOU Ying，LI Yu-yan，BAI Tie-ling，ZHAO Rui，YANG Hong-lin，LI Yi-ran，WU Jun-qing 2019, 38 (1):  56-58.  Abstract ( 1313 )   PDF (810KB) ( 9035 )   Objective：To investigate the positive detection rate of U. urealyticum in female migrants of child-bearing age from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Methods：The subjects were selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling. A total of female migrants were investigated using a structured questionnaire, and tested their samples of cervical ecretion. Results：There were 286 positive testing results in 762 female migrants, with the positive rate 37.53%. The differences in positive rats were significant in those women of different age, education, contraception, cleanliness of vaginal secretion and infection of pathogens (all P＜0.05). The stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the positive rate in women using condom was significantly lower than that in women not using condom (OR=0.552, 95%CI: 0.380-0.802), and that the positive rate in women using IUD was higher (OR=1.311, 95%CI: 0.894-1.922). The positive rate in those women who had 3 or more times of pregnancy was higher than that in women without pregnancy (OR=1.812, 95%CI: 1.100-2.985). Conclusions：There was high detection rate of U. urealyticum in female migrants of child-bearing age. In order to improve their reproductive health, it is necessary to enhance the education of reproductive health, to advocate the use of condom, and to promote the general gynecological survey in those women with 3 or more times of pregnancy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Application of Acupuncture in Treatment of Poor Ovarian Response ZHANG Xiang, ZHANG Wen-bi 2019, 38 (1):  59-62.  Abstract ( 1426 )   PDF (807KB) ( 8920 )   Poor ovarian response(POR) is a pathological state of ovarian stimulation to the gonadotropin (Gn), which leads to the poor outcome of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and the low pregnancy rate in in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Nowadays there are also limitations of conventional therapy. As a vital part of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture is economical, secure and easy to do. At present, the methods of clinical acupuncture for POR include the filiform needle acupuncture, the transcutanclus electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) and the acupuncture combined with medicine,etc. The basal hormone levels, symptoms of "kidney deficiency" and ovarian function were improved in those POR patients underwent acupuncture treatment, and the pregnancy rate and the quantity of oocytes were raised in their IVF-ET cycles. The underlying mechanisms of acupuncture treatment could include the positive regulation of central neuron, the improvement of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, and the improved ovarian blood supply. In this review, the clinical research progress of acupuncture treatment of POR is summarized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Treatment of Tubal Pregnancy and Its Influence on Future Fertility YANG Cui-li，ZHANG Guang-mei 2019, 38 (1):  63-67.  Abstract ( 1351 )   PDF (889KB) ( 8780 )   Tubal pregnancy is a common gynecological acute abdomen. If tubal pregnancy can be diagnosed early before the rupture of tubal mass, the death rate associated with tubal pregnancy will be greatly reduced. There are many treatments for tubal pregnancy. However, any treatment could decline the fertility. For patients with fertility requirements, it is still controversial to choose a better treatment to protect the fertility function and to reduce complications. In recent years, scholars have done a large number of studies to compare the complications of different treatments for tubal pregnancy and their impact on the future fertility. The new treatments have been proposed to overcome the shortcomings of traditional treatments. In this paper, we review the research progress of the treatment of tubal pregnancy, complications and its effects on future fertility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Genetic Pathogenesis of Endometriosis CAO Xian-ling，SUN Zhen-gao 2019, 38 (1):  67-70.  Abstract ( 1414 )   PDF (874KB) ( 9045 )   Endometriosis(EMs) seriously affects the health and life quality of women of reproductive age. EMs has a variety of clinical manifestations, such as chronic aperiodic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and infertility. However, the pathologic mechanism of EMs is not completely clear. Evidence shows that the incidence of EMs is relatively high in those first-degree relatives and monozygotic twins of EMs patients, and up to 51% of the risk of EMs is related to heredity, suggesting that genetic factors play an important role in the pathologic mechanism of EMs. With the development of genome-wide association study(GWAS) and the clinical translation of many other research methods in recent years, the inflammation-related genes, cytochrome family-related genes and precancerous lesion-related genes were found to be related with the pathogenesis of EMs. In this paper, the research progress of genetic pathogenesis of EMs was reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fertility Preservation of Young Women Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy WANG Qiu-man，ZHAO Ye，YAO Li-ting，HAN Xiao，CAO Jie-qiong 2019, 38 (1):  71-74.  Abstract ( 1379 )   PDF (888KB) ( 8802 )   Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are essential for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, chemoradiothery will have a negative impact on the reproductive function of young women, causing infertility. Before radiotherapy and chemotherapy, many fertility-preserving options can be provided, including ovarian transposition, embryo and oocyte cryopreservation, ovarian tissue cryopreservation , and drug-protective therapy. Transposition of the ovary to the outside of the hepatic flexure or splenic flexure of the colon can reduce the amount of radiation that the ovary bears. Oocyte and embryo cryopreservation is a mature technique, with its limitations. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is currently at clinical trial stage, with over 80 cases' reports. Inhibition of ovarian function with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue during chemotherapy is a controversial method of preserving fertility. Oncologists and reproductive doctors need multidisciplinary collaboration to balance the fertility and the recurrence rate and mortality associated with cancer，so as to make the individualized treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Glutamine Metabolism on Biological Behavior of Ovarian Tumor Cells LI Wen-jing，SUN Si-man，LI Mo 2019, 38 (1):  75-77.  Abstract ( 1314 )   PDF (834KB) ( 8922 )   Glutamine is a nonessential amino acid that can be synthesized by cells, nevertheless, it is important for the growth and proliferation of the in vitro cultured mammalian cells. During the proliferation of tumor cellss, glutamine goes far beyond satisfying protein synthesis, also as an indispensable donor of reduced nitrogen for purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Studies showed that the survival of glutamine-addicted cancer cells were relied on glutamine, and the glutamine utilization was reprogrammed through the Krebs cycle. It was reported that blocking glutamine into the tricarboxylic acid cycle in high-invasive ovarian cancer cells, or inhibiting glutamine synthesis in low-invasive ovarian cancer cells, could be a potential treatment for ovarian cancer. Glutamine metabolism is associated with poor prognosis of ovarian cancer; the chemotherapy based on platinum and combined with the inhibition of glutamine metabolism could be a new treatment strategy of ovarian cancer, especially for drug-resistant ovarian cancer. We review the research progress on the glutamine metabolism of ovarian cancer cells and its function in cell proliferation, invasion and drug resistance, and discuss the possibility of glutamine metabolism as a biomarker or target for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Outcomes of Mosaicism Embryos in Assisted Reproductive Techniques YANG Xiao-xuan，WU Wei 2019, 38 (1):  78-82.  Abstract ( 1903 )   PDF (859KB) ( 8870 )   With the application and improvement of preimplantation genetic test (PGT), the detection rate of mosaic embryos in preimplantation embryos， as the third embryo type other than euploid embryos and aneuploid embryos，is increased. Embryonic mosaicism can increase the risk of miscarriages，stillbirths and genetic abnormalities. However, some mosaic embryos can also result in healthy-live births. Mosaic embryos differ in the types of chromosomal abnormalities, the proportion of abnormal cells and the mosaic sites, which makes great challenge for the choice of transplantation and the uncertainty of clinical outcomes. Meiotic mistakes in gametogenesis lead to aneuploid embryos; mitotic errors during post-zygotic cell division contribute to mosaic embryos. It is very important to understand the mechanism of embryonic mosaicism, incidence, influencing factors and clinical outcomes, for us to avoid falsely discarding embryos with developmental potential. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case Report of the Cervical Pregnancy Combined with Tuberculosis Recurrence after Assisted Reproductive Technology ZHU Hai-ying，LUO Xiao-rong，CAI Wen-yuan，ZHANG Xue-hong 2019, 38 (1):  83-86.  Abstract ( 1351 )   PDF (844KB) ( 8836 )   Objective：To report a case of the cervical pregnancy combined with tuberculosis recurrence after assisted reproductive technology (ART), and to discuss the etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Methods：A case of the cervical pregnancy combined with tuberculosis recurrence after ART was reported including its etiology, diagnosis and treatment, and the related literatures were reviewed. Results：This is a rare case, the cervical pregnancy combined with tuberculosis recurrence after assisted reproductive technology (ART). Although the incidence is extremely low, its adverse outcomes are terrible. The early diagnosis and timely treatment are particularly important. Conclusions：During the whole process of ART, the suspected tuberculosis recurrence should be early diagnosed and treated. Related Articles | Metrics