Abstract: Chronic endometritis (CE) as the chronic and persistent inflammation of endometrium is characterized by the infiltration of plasma cell in the matrix of endometrium. The clinical symptoms of CE is mild and atypical. As a result, CE is easy to be neglected. CE is closely related to abnormal uterine bleeding, uterine adhesion, infertility, recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage. The diagnostic methods of CE include hysteroscopy, histopathological examination of endometrium and microorganism culture of endometrium. Recently, researchers propose that immunohistochemical staining of CD138 can specifically recognize plasma cell in the matrix of endometrium and improve the clinical diagnosis rate of CE. In addition, the detection of microorganism by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) also helps the diagnosis of CE. Specific microRNAs in the blood and endometrium are also used as the potential diagnostic markers of CE. However, the diagnostic criteria of CE is still not standardized. The first line treatment of CE is antibiotics (such as doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, metronidazole, etc.), with a high cure rate. And the treatment of CE improves the pregnancy outcomes of those women with infertility, recurrent implantation failure, and recurrent miscarriage.

Key words: Endometritis, Plasma cells, Anti-bacterial agents, Embryo implantation, Infertility, female, Abortion, habitual, Chronic endometritis, CD138