Abstract: The proximal tubal obstruction (PTO) remains an important cause of tubal infertility, including the plug of mucus and amorphous material, spasm of uterine oviduct, salpingitis isthmica nodosa, pelvic inflammatory disease and anatomic fibrosis occlusion by endometriosis. PTO can be successfully cannulated by the fallopian tube recanalization (FTR) with mechanical principle. The methods of FTR include selective salpingography and tubal catheterization (SSTC), hysteroscopic tubal catheterization, laparoscopy guided hysteroscopic tubal catheterization and falloposcopic tubal catheterization. Operator can select different surgical method according to his(her) qualification. The standard FTR should be the ternary conjunction of hysteroscopy, laparoscopy and falloposcopy. However, this ternary conjunction cannot be widely used in clinical practice due to the limitation of falloposcopy. The rate of natural pregnancy after FTR is equal to that of in vitro fertilization (IVF). FTR and IVF can be used as mutual complementary methods in the therapy of PTO.

Key words: Infertility, female, Fallopian tube diseases, Hysterosalpingography, Hysteroscopy, Laparoscopy, Fallopian tube recanalization