Abstract: Objective：To explore those factors of endometriosis （EMs） recurrence after conservative surgery. Methods：126 cases of EMs after conservative surgery from June 2008 to June 2012 were analyzed. They were divided into two groups: the non-recurrence group （89 cases） and the recurrent group （37 cases）. Clinical data was Analyzed, those risk factors related to recurrence were evaluated. Results：In 126 cases, there were 19 cases with recurrence in the first year （15.08%）, 14 cases with recurrence in the second year （11.11%） [totally, 33 cases （26.19%）], and 4 cases with recurrence in the third year （3.17%） after conservative surgery [total 37 cases （29.37%） in three years]. The number of recurrence cases increased with years after surgery （χ2=8.375, P=0.015）. There is no significant difference in the previous surgical history between two groups （P＜0.05）. Those risk factors related to recurrence included the surgery history of conservative EMs surgery, pelvic diseases, postoperative r-AFS score, painful nodules in posterior vaginal fornix. Those protective factors included the time of pregnancy and treatment with mifepristone. Conclusions：Those risk factors and protective factors related to EMs recurrence after conservative surgery should be noticed, so as to predict prognosis and to guide clinical treatment.

Key words: Endometriosis, Gynecologic surgical procedures, Recurrence, Conservative surgery