Abstract: MicroRNAs（miRNAs），a series of endogenous non-coding small RNAs，commonly regulate the expression of target genes through specific degradation of mRNAs or inhibiting its translation. Many studies have demonstrated that some miRNAs are closely linked to oncogenesis，development and prognosis of tumor through regulating simultaneously the expression of several oncogenes and anti-oncogenes. miRNAs expression showed different characteristics with different types and stages of tumor, suggesting their potential values in cancer diagnosis and treatment. More and more evidences showed that miR-199 aberrantly expressed in endometrial cancer，ovarian cancer and endometriosis. This article discussed the aberrant expression of miR-199 in gynecological diseases, target genes and more detailed mechanism.

Key words: MicroRNAs, Genital diseases, female, Genes, Diagnosis, Therapy