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15 January 2014, Volume 33 Issue 1
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论著

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Application of the Bare Nuclear Injection in Mouse Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer SHI San-bao;JI Dong-mei;CHEN Bei-li;CHEN Da-wei;HAO Yan;ZHOU Ping;ZHANG Zhi-guo;CAO Yun-xia 2014, 33 (1):  2-4.  Abstract ( 1706 )   PDF (839KB) ( 7603 )   Objective: To investigate the developmental potential of mouse somatic nuclear transfer embryos （SCNT） with different treatment of donor cell. Methods：Two methods, the intact cell and the naked nuclei injection，were used to produce cloned embryos. The reconstructed embryos and IVF control embryos were transferred into receptors′ uterine cavity. The rates of activation，cleavage，blastocyst of reconstructed embryos and in vivo developmental outcomes were compared. Results：The rate of cleavage and blastocyst in the intact cell group was significantly lower than that in the bare nucleus group （χ2cleavage=5.785，P=0.016；χ2blastocyst=6.092，P=0.014）. There were significantly difference in the weight of fetus in three groups F=14.331，P=0.00），the intact group had the heaviest wet weight of fetus. The weights of placental in the bare nuclear group and the IVF group were significantly lower than that in the intact cell group （compared with the normal group，t=-8.786，P=0.00；compared with bare nuclear group，t=-6.573，P=0.00）. Conclusions：The developmental potential of mouse somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos could be improved by the bare nucleus injection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Perinatal Outcomes of Pregnant Syphilis: a Clinical Analysis TAN Jie;LING Jing;CUI Yu-gui;LIU Jia-yin 2014, 33 (1):  5-7.  Abstract ( 1613 )   PDF (532KB) ( 7549 )   Objective: To analyze the influence of pregnancy combined with syphilis on perinatal outcomes，and to explore the clinical significance of standard treatment to improve the perinatal outcomes and the perinatal infant prognosis. Methods：This clinical analysis was based on 79 cases of pregnant syphilis diagnosed in our Department among Dec. 2009 and Dec. 2012. According to the treatment condition of pregnancy syphilis，79 cases were divided into three groups：the full course treatment group （Group A，32 cases），the none-full course treatment group （Group B，30 cases） and the none treatment group （Group C，17 cases）. The pregnancy outcomes，perinatal infant prognosis，and the case of congenital syphilis，were compared among three groups. Results：There was statistical significance in the term birth rate among three groups （P＜0.05）. The term birth rate in Group A was 93.8%，which was higher than those in Group B （80.0%，but P＞0.05） and Group C （58.8%，P＜0.05）. The cases of congenital syphilis in three groups were 6，9 and 17，respectively，with the statistical significance in the occurrence rate （P＜0.05）. The cases of pre-term birth in three groups were 2，4 and 4，respectively，without statistical significance in the occurrence rate （P＞0.05）. The cases of still birth in three groups were 0，1 and 1，respectively，without statistical significance in the occurrence rate（P＞0.05）. Conclusions：It is suggested that syphilis should be screened during pregnancy by the serological test. Early detection and standard treatment of syphilis are of two keys to improve the perinatal outcomes and to reduce the rate of congenital syphilis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Research of Assisted Reproduction Complicated with Thrombosis REN Hai-ying;QU Dan-ni;LI Yuan 2014, 33 (1):  8-10.  Abstract ( 1749 )   PDF (544KB) ( 7602 )   Objective: To analyze the clinical features of the assisted reproduction complicated with thrombosis，so as to improve the early prevention and treatment for this complication. Methods：Two cases of the assisted reproduction complicated with thrombosis were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital, and the related literatures were reviewed. Results：Forty-three cases of the assisted reproduction complicated with thrombosis were reported in the literatues. The site of embolism was predominantly in the upper extremity，head and neck，but the causes were unkown. Anticogulation with low-weight heparin was beneficial to get good clinical outcomes. Conclusions：There are many high risk factors of thrombosis during assisted reproduction. It is critical to improve prevention and the early treatment for thrombosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Antagonistic Effect of Oral Contraceptives on the Tripterygium Wilfordii Polyglycoside-induced Gonad Toxicity: Experimental Study of Female SD Rats GU Jiang-hong;JIN Ai-hong;GONG Zhi-yong;ZHU Zhen;DU Lan-fang;LI Ya-qin;PENG Huang-qing 2014, 33 (1):  11-13.  Abstract ( 1755 )   PDF (1461KB) ( 7572 )   Objective: To study the antagonistic effect of oral contraceptives （OCs） on the tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside （TWP）-induced gonad toxicity in the female SD rats. Methods：40 female SD rats were divided randomly into four groups：the TWP group，the OCs group，the TWP with OCs group，and the blank control group. Test of vaginal exfoliated cell smears was done everyday after 10 weeks′ treatment. Rats were sacrificed after stopping treatment 3 weeks. Serum follicle stimulating hormone （FSH），luteinizing hormone （LH），estradiol （E2） were measured by ABC-ELISA. The weights of uterus and ovaries，and the number of follicles，were compared among groups. The histomorphology of uterus and ovary was observed by microscope. Results：The oestrous cycle in the TWP group was incomplete or extended；serum E2 level [（40.417 4±4.937 2） ng/L] was significantly lower than those in other groups；while FSH level[（1.063 4±0.153 9） IU/L] and LH levels [（5.946 7±1.036 0） IU/L] were significantly higher than those in other groups （P＜0.01）. The weight indexes of uterus （0.048 7%±0.009 7%） and ovaries（0.147 0%±0.004 7%），and the thickness of endometrium [（57.20±1.81）μm] and myometrium [（24.40±1.84） μm]，were significantly lower than those in other groups （P＜0.01）. The numbers of growing follicle （22.50±2.55） and graaffian follicle （2.00±1.89） in the TWP group were significantly less than those in the other groups （P＜0.05），while there was not significant difference in the number of primordial follicles （36.50±2.64） in the TWP group when compared with other groups （P＞0.05）. Conclusions：Diane-35 can decrease the TWP-induced gonad damage in female SD rats，which plays a potential role in protecting ovarian function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Oral Contraceptive Treatment for Endometriosis Following Conservative Surgery：a Meta-analysis TU Jia-hui;LUO Ruo-yu;WANG Shu-jun 2014, 33 (1):  14-17.  Abstract ( 1844 )   PDF (851KB) ( 7506 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of oral contraceptive for the treatment of endometriosis （EMs） after conservative surgery. Methods：We searched Pubmed，the Cochrane library，CBM，CNKI and Wan-Fang databases for the randomized controlled trials （RCTs） about oral contraceptive for the treatment of EMs after conservative surgery between 2000 and 2013. According to the evaluation standards of Cochrane Handbook 5.0.1，the RevMan 5.0 software for Meta analysis was used in this Meta-analysis. Results：9 studies involving 869 patients met the inclusion criteria，including 3 foreign articles and 6 Chinese articles. The results of Meta-analysis showed as follows：① The remission rate of oral contraceptive group increased（OR=3.13，95%CI：1.66-6.00，P=0.000 5）；② The oral contraceptive group of EMs′s postoperative recurrence rate obviously decreased （OR=0.25，95%CI：0.17-0.36，P＜0.000 01）；③ The pregnancy rate of the oral contraceptive group and comparative groups existed insignificant difference（OR=1.55，95%CI：0.79-3.04，P=0.21）. Conclusions：The oral contraceptive can improve the remission rate and reduce the recurrence rate. This Meta-analysis results still need to be verified by large samples and multicenter studies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Dydrogesterone and Levonorgestrel on the Preventing Recurrence of Endometrium Polyps after Hysteroscopic Polypectomy LIANG Hai-yan;YU Huan;HAN Su-hui 2014, 33 (1):  18-20.  Abstract ( 2489 )   PDF (492KB) ( 7591 )   Objective：To compare the clinical effects of dydrogesterone and levonorgestrel intrauterine system on the prevention of endometrium polyps recurrence after hysteroscopic polypectomy. Methods：It was a retrospective study with 73 cases who treated with two progestin in preventing endometrium polyps recurrence after hysteroscopic resection. Those patients were divided into two groups. 33 cases in the test group were treated with LNG-IUS（Mirena）, and 40 patients in control group with cyclic dydrogesterone. The menstrual quantity, thickness of endometrium, recurrence rate, and adverse reactions were compared. Results：The endometrium thickness and menstrual quantity in both groups were significantly decreased after treatment within 6 months, while two values in the test group after treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group（Ｐ＝０．０００）. The risk of dotted bleeding in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 6 months（Ｐ＝０．０００）, but the difference was not significant between two groups at 12 months（Ｐ＝０．８０９）． The incidence of nausea was lower in the group at any time after treatment. There were 2 cases relapsed in the control group, no one case recurred in the test group. Conclusions：Progestin therapy is safe and effective to prevent polyp recurrence. Compared with dydrogesterone，LNG-IUS can be encouraged with the more convenience, lower rate of recurrence, and lower risk of adverse effects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of the Combined Parameters in the Early Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy HU Cheng-zhen;CHEN Zhi-ping 2014, 33 (1):  21-23.  Abstract ( 1690 )   PDF (526KB) ( 7509 )   Objective：To evaluate the application of the combined multiple parameters in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy，including serum β-hCG and progesterone，and endometrial thickness （EST）. Methods：127 cases in our hospital from July 2008 to May 2010 were confirmed by B-Ultrasound and pathological exam after the positive test of urine hCG. Those cases were divided into three groups，the ectopic pregnancy group （48 cases），the normal pregnancy group （40 cases），and the pregnancy abortion group （39 cases）. The β-hCG and progesterone levels were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence （ECL）. EST was measured by B-Ultrasound. The significances of those parameters were compared by the area under curve （AUC） of ROC curve. Results：The increased β-hCG value （the ratio of 48 h/0 h） in the ectopic pregnancy group was smaller，when compared with those in the normal pregnancy group and the pregnancy abortion group （P＜0.05）. Progesterone level in the ectopic pregnancy group，as well as EST value，was significantly lower than those in other groups （P＜0.05）. The ROC curves showed that three combined parameters had the highest diagnostic accuracy （AUC=0.915）. Three parameters had different accuracy to detect respectively the early ectopic pregnancy as follows：β-hCG （the ratio of 48 h/0 h，AUC=0.875），progesterone （AUC=0.806），EST （AUC=0.782）. Conclusions：Serum β-hCG （the ratio of 48 h/0 h），progesterone and EST had limited significances to detect respectively the early ectopic pregnancy. Three combined parameters had the highest diagnosis accuracy，which should be recommended. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Short Efficacy of Surgical Operation，and the Urinary Control Situation in Patients with the Female Pelvic Organ Prolapse ZHAO Lin;XIANG Mei;XIA Ting-ting;ZENG Ke-fei;XU Wei 2014, 33 (1):  24-26.  Abstract ( 1716 )   PDF (520KB) ( 7550 )   Objective：To evaluate the clinical short efficacy of the Prolift pelvic reconstruction surgery，and the urinary control status，in patients with the female pelvic organ prolapse. Methods：This is a retrospective analysis of 213 patients with female pelvic floor dysfunction，and with the pelvic reconstruction surgery，from our hospital from January 2009 to December 2011. 213 cases were divided into 3 groups according to three different surgical methods：the Prolift method group with 77 cases，the modified method group with 65 cases （modified pelvic floor reconstruction operation），and the traditional method group with 71 cases（vaginal hysterectomy associated with vaginal wall repair operation）. Those patients suffering from stress urinary incontinence were treated with anti-stress urinary incontinence treatment. After one year of follow-up visit，the pelvic organ prolapse recovery，the stress urinary incontinence correction，and the occurrence of occult urinary incontinence were compared in three groups. Results：In the same group，POSUI （stress urinary incontinence after operation） was independent on the urodynamic examination before operation. The difference of POSUI rates in three different groups was not significant. The effective rates of the TVT-O operation in three groups，as for treatment of stress urinary incontinence at same stages，were above 90%. The effective rates in three groups，as for treatment of the pelvic organ prolapse （POP），were significant different （P＜0.05）. The efficiency in the Prolift method group was better than those in other groups. Conclusions：It was suggested that the urodynamic examination before the operation has not prognosis effect on POSUI. The Prolift operation，the modified pelvic floor reconstruction，as well as the traditional operation，if combined with TVT-O operation，can achieve ideal effect in treatment of SUI. The curative effects of the Prolift and modified methods were better than that of the traditional method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Questionnaire Survey on Child-bearing and Unwanted Pregnancy Intention of Immigrants in Shanghai HU Qi;ZHANG Ping 2014, 33 (1):  27-31.  Abstract ( 1831 )   PDF (966KB) ( 7525 )   Objective：To explore the potential regulation on the unplanned births of Shanghai immigrants，by which to guide those Shanghai immigrants to change their child-bearing concept and to promote the fusion between immigrants and local population. Methods：The typical survey was performed in Huamu Street，Pudong，Shanghai，where there were a large number of immigrants. More than 550 cases of immigrants were included by the questionnaire survey combined with survey symposium. The questionnaire includes fertility concept，fertility intentions，the cognition of family planning policies and regulations，the need for family planning services，etc. The SPSS 19.0 software was used for data processing. Results：Shanghai immigrants have distinctive thought and behavior characteristics，including strong child-bearing intentions， low understanding and approval of family planning policies and regulations in Shanghai. They obeyed the law of family planning in poor status. The service of family planning can not effectively met the demand of the Shanghai immigrants. Conclusions：It is important to guide the Shanghai immigrants to transform their child-bearing concept and to understand and obey the family planning law by enhancing education of family planning and management of legal system，and providing the high-quality services. Related Articles | Metrics

综述

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Early Embryonic Development and Cell Apoptosis LIU Shan;DAI Xiao-nan;CUI Yu-gui 2014, 33 (1):  32-35.  Abstract ( 2094 )   PDF (521KB) ( 7519 )   The embryonic development is exactly regulated by many genes. Apoptotic signals exist in the early embryonic development. Apoptosis is prevalent in the pre-implantation embryos，even in the embryo with normal morphology. In fact，apoptosis is the direct result of abnormal expressions of both anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic genes. It is very important to study the expressions of apoptotic genes in the early embryonic development for us to find the mechanism of the early blocked development of embryo. And it is significant for us to improve the ART outcomes. Those apoptotic genes and factors were also discussed in this review，including BCL family，heat shock proteins，and growth factors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of the Folliculogenesis and Its Regulation HUANG Pin-xiu;LI Rong;WEI Ji-hong 2014, 33 (1):  36-39.  Abstract ( 1735 )   PDF (538KB) ( 7515 )   The quiescent primordial follicles, after activated，grow and develop through stages of primary and secondary follicles，and then the antral stage. A cohort of antral follicles are recruited for further growth and dominance. The matured follicle will be ovulated at last. This process is so complicated，which is controlled by a number of different sources of cytokines and endocrine hormones，at different time and space. With the development of molecular biology techniques，many mechanisms of folliculogenesis were uncovered deeply. However，the controlled folliculogenesis is complicated，especially the initiation and activation of primordial follicles. It is very important to understand thoroughly molecular aspects of folliculogenesis for the translational medicine in clinical reproductive medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on the Oocyte Quality and Early-stage Embryo Development ZHANG Chun-mei;ZHAO Yue;QIAO Jie 2014, 33 (1):  40-43.  Abstract ( 1712 )   PDF (567KB) ( 7475 )   Metabolic syndrome（MS） is characterized by various endocrine and metabolic abnormalities that are commonly seen in polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS）. The incidence of MS is rising in the world，with a trend toward younger age. Aside from the increased risks of developing long-term complications such as cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes，those women with MS in reproductive age are prone to suffer from infertility，abortion and pregnancy complications. The abnormal maternal metabolic environment in those women with MS may exert negative effects on the offspring development at the early period of pregnancy. This article reviewed recent findings on how MS affected the oocyte quality and early-stage embryo development. Related Articles | Metrics

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H19 Gene and Its Significance in Assisted Reproductive Technology YAN Yong-xu;HU Wei-hua 2014, 33 (1):  44-47.  Abstract ( 1825 )   PDF (622KB) ( 7489 )   Although assisted reproductive technology （ART） has been widely used in the infertile treatment now，there are potential effects on ART safety，such as the potential changes in epigenetics in ART offspring，especial those ART techniques including ICSI and IVF-ET. It is necessary to study further whether those potential epigenetic changes adversely affect offspings. H19 gene，as a maternal gene，is one of the imprinting genes which were firstly identified. Research showed that H19 gene variation was associated with the epigenetic changes of offspring. In this paper，the relationship between H19 gene and ART safety was reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Economic Consideration of the Assisted Reproductive Technology CHEN Xiao;LI Hong 2014, 33 (1):  48-51.  Abstract ( 1696 )   PDF (566KB) ( 7524 )   The research progress on the economic evaluation of assisted reproductive technology （ART） in last 5 years was summarized. Those analysis of ART economics included four main aspects：the economic analysis of different treatment protocols，the cost-effectiveness analysis of different ovulation-inducting drugs，the economic analysis of different embryo transfer program，and the economic analysis of special patients. It was suggested that the statistic evaluation of total cost，including those classified costs and the duration of ART treatment，and the live birth rate should be noticed when the economic effectiveness of ART were evaluated. It is useful for our scientists to evaluate ART by economics analysis. Meanwhile，those economics analyses were also helpful for us to evaluate ART economic effectiveness，to improve the medical resource allocation，to choose the optimized treatment protocol，to save social cost and reduce the medical burden for patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and Regulation of microRNAs in Endometrial Receptivity HU Yu-qin;SHA Ai-guo 2014, 33 (1):  52-55.  Abstract ( 1778 )   PDF (566KB) ( 7473 )   The endometrial receptivity is a temporal status of endometrium which posses the receptive ability to embryonic implantation. Only in the receptive phase，the endometrium allows embryo to attach and penetrate. It is regulated by many factors and genes to establish and maintain the endometrial receptivity. Recently，there is a growing interest in the role of microRNAs （miRNAs） in regulating the endometrium receptivity. With the high-throughout expression analytical methods，several studies have found some characteristics of miRNAs expressed in the endometrium of different receptive status，including the natural menstrual cycle and the stimulated cycle. Those preliminary results showed miRNAs as potential markers of the endometrium receptivity. As important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression，miRNAs exert their functions through regulating the expression of key genes and pathways involved in the embryo implantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Lipoxins and Endometriosis CHEN Shuo;CHEN Qiong-hua 2014, 33 (1):  56-59.  Abstract ( 1780 )   PDF (527KB) ( 7494 )   Endometriosis （EMs） has been well known as an inflammatory and estrogen-dependent disease. However，its aetiology and pathogenesis are still ambiguous. Lipoxins, one of the endogenous metabolites of arachidonic acid，present in both eutopic and ectopic endometrium. Lipoxins actively promote resolution by restricting the polymorphonuclear （PMN） accumulation at the sites of inflammation，and enhancing macrophage phagocytosis. It can also bind with estrogen receptor （ER），and then modulate the expression of estrogen-related genes. Lipoxins can simultaneously modulate inflammation and estrogen signaling，and significantly inhibit the development of endometriosis. This article reviewed the biological function of lipoxins and its research progress，especially its role in the pathophysiology of EMs. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effect and Mechanism of MicroRNA199 in Gynecological Diseases GONG Chun-ling;WANG Yu;LYU Yang;SUN Jia-jia;LI Guang-peng 2014, 33 (1):  60-63.  Abstract ( 1802 )   PDF (547KB) ( 7521 )   MicroRNAs（miRNAs），a series of endogenous non-coding small RNAs，commonly regulate the expression of target genes through specific degradation of mRNAs or inhibiting its translation. Many studies have demonstrated that some miRNAs are closely linked to oncogenesis，development and prognosis of tumor through regulating simultaneously the expression of several oncogenes and anti-oncogenes. miRNAs expression showed different characteristics with different types and stages of tumor, suggesting their potential values in cancer diagnosis and treatment. More and more evidences showed that miR-199 aberrantly expressed in endometrial cancer，ovarian cancer and endometriosis. This article discussed the aberrant expression of miR-199 in gynecological diseases, target genes and more detailed mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Pregnancy Complicated with Subclinical Hypothyroidism PENG Huang-qing;GU Jiang-hong 2014, 33 (1):  64-67.  Abstract ( 1745 )   PDF (638KB) ( 7527 )   Subclinical hypothyroidism （SCH） during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes，and increases fetal neurocognitive disorders. In recent years，a lot of clinical and experimental results in field of gestational SCH were published. Some studys suggested that thyroid hormone （TH） deficiency affected the expression of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit. It may be one of SCH mechanisms of fetal intelligence. The fixed dose of oral thyroxine during pregnancy can better regulate the thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH） level and the iodine intake during pregnancy which is related with SCH pathophysiology. This article reviewed the research progress on the diagnostic criteria of gestational SCH，the pathological mechanism of fetal intelligence，the new therapeutic method and the iodine intake standard on pregnancy. Related Articles | Metrics

标准与指南

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The ESHRE/ESGE Consensus on the Classification of Female Genital Tract Congenital Anomalies LIANG Yan-chun;YAO Shu-zhong 2014, 33 (1):  68-71.  Abstract ( 1664 )   PDF (964KB) ( 8782 )   Related Articles | Metrics