m6A动态调控网络在生殖系统中的作用

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20200653

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

N6-甲基腺嘌呤（N6-methyladenosine,m⁶A）是真核生物中普遍存在的RNA修饰。m⁶A修饰在甲基化酶、去甲基化酶和结合蛋白的动态调控下,参与RNA剪接、出核、翻译等多种RNA代谢过程。近年研究表明,在卵母细胞发育成熟和精子发生等生殖过程中,RNA m⁶A修饰发挥不可或缺的作用。在卵母细胞成熟过程中,m⁶A动态调控网络通过参与RNA代谢过程,影响染色体、纺锤体组装,妨碍减数分裂进程,进而使卵泡发育受阻。颗粒细胞中m⁶A水平异常引起的颗粒细胞凋亡与早发性卵巢功能不全（POI）、多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）等卵巢功能损害的疾病相关。在男性生殖系统中,m⁶A相关酶缺陷引起小鼠精子活力降低、数量和形态异常,人类弱精子症患者精液中m⁶A水平升高。人工智能等新技术与m⁶A测序技术的结合为未来m⁶A动态网络的探索提供了新的方向。

关键词: N6-甲基腺嘌呤, RNA, 卵母细胞, 精子, 精子发生

Abstract:

N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) is the most common RNA modification in eukaryotic cells. Under the dynamic regulation of methylase, demethylase and binding protein, m⁶A modification is involved in RNA metabolism processes, such as RNA splicing, nucleation and translation and so on. In recent years, many studies have shown that the RNA m⁶A modification plays an indispensable role in the reproductive processes, such as oocyte maturation and spermatogenesis. During oocyte maturation, the dynamic regulation network of m⁶A affects the assembly of chromosomes and spindles, interferes with meiosis and impedes the development of follicles. In granulosa cells, apoptosis of granulosa cells caused by the abnormal m⁶A is related to POI and PCOS. In the male reproductive system, the deficiency of m⁶A-related enzyme could damage the motility, number and morphology of sperm in mice, while the m⁶A level in semen was increased in patients with asthenospermia. The combination of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and m⁶A sequencing technology provides a new direction for the exploration of m⁶A dynamic network in the future.

Key words: N6-methyladenosine, RNA, Oocytes, Spermatozoa, Spermatogenesis

张萌卉, 刘笑聪, 郭艺红. m⁶A动态调控网络在生殖系统中的作用[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育, 2021, 40(4): 306-309.

ZHANG Meng-hui, LIU Xiao-cong, GUO Yi-hong. N6-Methyladenosine in Reproductive System: Effect and Regulation[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2021, 40(4): 306-309.

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m⁶A动态调控网络在生殖系统中的作用

N6-Methyladenosine in Reproductive System: Effect and Regulation

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