精子因素对胚胎发育的影响

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20240488

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胚胎发育是生命的初始阶段，涵盖了从受精卵到胚胎，再到胎儿的一系列复杂的生物学过程。胚胎发育阶段是遗传信息表达、器官系统形成和功能实现的关键时期，同时也是预防、诊断、治疗相关疾病的研究重点，并直接关联到辅助生殖技术的应用。传统研究认为，卵子质量对胚胎发育起着决定性作用。近年来，随着生殖医学不断发展，精子因素在胚胎发育中的作用引起了广泛关注。大量临床研究表明，精子形态异常、遗传因素改变，如精子DNA损伤程度加重、染色体非整倍体率（aneuploidy rate）升高、精子端粒长度（telomere length）下降可能会造成胚胎发育不良甚至流产的发生。此外，精子非编码RNA、蛋白质、代谢物也是影响胚胎发育的重要因素。因此，系统地研究精子因素对胚胎发育的影响，通过评估精子质量、优化精子选择，对提高优胚率、改善妊娠结局具有重要意义。

关键词: 精子, 胚胎发育, 端粒稳态, 非整倍性, 流产, 生殖技术, 辅助

Abstract:

Embryonic development is the initial stage of life, which includes a series of complex biological processes from fertilized egg to embryo and then to fetus. Embryonic development is a critical period for the expression of genetic information, the formation of organ and systems, and the realization of functions, while it is the research focus of the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. It is also directly related to the application of assisted reproductive technology. According to traditional research, the egg quality plays a decisive role in embryo development. In recent years, with the continuous development of reproductive medicine, the role of sperm factors in embryonic development has attracted wide attention. A large number of clinical studies have shown that abnormal sperm morphology, and the changes in genetic factors such as the deepening of sperm DNA damage, the increased chromosome aneuploidy rate and decreased sperm telomere length, may cause fetal dysplasia and even abortion. In addition, the non-coding RNA, proteins and metabolites of sperm are also important factors affecting embryonic development. Therefore, it is of great significance to systematically study the influence of sperm factors on embryo development, and to evaluate sperm quality and optimize sperm selection, so as to improve the optimal embryo rate and improve the pregnancy outcome.

Key words: Spermatozoa, Embryonic development, Telomere homeostasis, Aneuploidy, Abortion, Reproductive techniques, assisted

卞海军, 张馨月, 冯睿芝, 钱云. 精子因素对胚胎发育的影响[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2025, 44(2): 150-154.

BIAN Hai-jun, ZHANG Xin-yue, FENG Rui-zhi, QIAN Yun. The Influence of Sperm Factors on Embryonic Development[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2025, 44(2): 150-154.

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