辅助生殖技术中精子DNA损伤的研究现状

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20240471

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

精子DNA完整性对受精卵的形成至关重要，精子DNA损伤可能影响辅助生殖技术（assisted reproductive technology，ART）的成功率。精子DNA损伤主要包括单链和双链损伤，这些损伤可能在受精、胚胎质量和着床能力等多个方面影响ART的成功率。精子DNA损伤的因素主要包括氧化应激、年龄、激素以及环境等。同时，卵母细胞对精子DNA损伤的修复能力也至关重要。目前临床和实验室主要通过药物干预、优化精子选择来降低精子DNA碎片指数（DNA fragmentation index，DFI），从而改善ART的临床治疗结局。综述精子DNA损伤的研究现状，分析其对ART治疗结局的影响，并提出了可能的改进精液制备方法。

关键词: 精子, DNA损伤, DNA碎片, 生殖技术, 辅助, 不育, 男（雄）性, 体外受精, 精子注射, 细胞质内

Abstract:

Sperm DNA integrity is essential for forming a fertilized egg, and sperm DNA damage may affect the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Sperm DNA damage consists mainly of single-stranded and double-stranded damage, which may affect the success of ART at multiple aspects, including fertilization, embryo quality and pregnancy. The causes of sperm DNA damage mainly include oxidative stress, age, hormones and environmental factors. Also, the ability of the oocyte to repair sperm DNA damage is critical. Currently, the clinical and laboratory efforts are focused on reducing the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) through pharmacological interventions and optimizing sperm selection for ART treatment, to improve the clinical outcomes of ART. We review the research progress on sperm DNA damage, its impact on the outcomes of ART treatment, and possible improvement of semen preparation methods.

Key words: Spermatozoa, DNA damage, DNA fragmentation, Reproductive techniques, assisted, Infertility, male, Fertilization in vitro, Sperm injections, intracytoplasmic

徐姗, 孟江萍. 辅助生殖技术中精子DNA损伤的研究现状[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2025, 44(1): 71-77.

XU Shan, MENG Jiang-ping. Research Progress on Sperm DNA Damage in Assisted Reproductive Technology[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2025, 44(1): 71-77.

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