中药单体治疗子宫内膜异位症的作用机制

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20250248

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

子宫内膜异位症（endometriosis，EMs）是一种育龄期女性常见的妇科疾病，具有发病机制复杂、病情逐渐加重、易迁延难愈等特点，并可显著降低患者生存质量和生殖能力。中药单体是从中药中提取并分离纯化得到的具有明确化学结构和药理活性的单一化学成分。近年研究表明，醛类、酚类、生物碱类、萜类、黄酮类和多糖类等中药单体可多途径、多通路有效干预EMs的病理进程，其作用机制包括减轻炎症反应、抑制血管生成、调节激素水平、缓解痛觉敏化、促进细胞凋亡及抗氧化等。相较于传统手术和激素疗法，中药单体具有多靶点、不良反应较小等优势，已逐渐成为当前的研究热点。梳理并归纳国内外运用中药单体治疗EMs的研究文献，以期为EMs的新药开发和临床应用提供一定依据。

关键词: 子宫内膜异位症, 中药新药开发, 治疗, 中药单体, 作用机制

Abstract:

Endometriosis (EMs) is a common gynecological disease among women of childbearing age. It is characterized by a complex pathogenesis, gradual aggravation, a tendency to prolong the disease and be difficult to cure. It can significantly reduce the quality of life and fertility. The monomer of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a single chemical component with a clear chemical structure and pharmacological activity, which is extracted and purified from TCM. Recent studies have shown that TCM monomers such as aldehydes, phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and polysaccharides can effectively intervene in the pathological process of EMs through multiple pathways. The mechanisms of action include reducing inflammatory responses, inhibiting angiogenesis, regulating hormone levels, alleviating pain sensitization, promoting apoptosis and antioxidation, etc. Compared with traditional surgery and hormone therapy, TCM monomers have many advantages such as multiple targets and fewer side effects, and have increasingly become a research hotspot. Based on this, this article sorts out and summarizes the research literature at home and abroad on the use of TCM monomers in the treatment of EMs, with the aim of providing a certain basis for the new drug development and clinical application of EMs.

Key words: Endometriosis, New drug research and development (TCD), Therapy, Traditional Chinese, medicine monomers, Mechanism of action

高妍勤, 丛慧芳. 中药单体治疗子宫内膜异位症的作用机制[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2025, 44(6): 511-517.

GAO Yan-qin, CONG Hui-fang. The Action Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers in the Treatment of Endometriosis[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2025, 44(6): 511-517.

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