辅助生殖技术来源配子、胚胎及子代DNA甲基化的研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20250508

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

辅助生殖技术（assisted reproductive technology，ART）可能通过干扰DNA甲基化调控增加早产、胎盘功能异常等妊娠风险。研究表明，体外受精（in vitro fertilization，IVF）中的激素刺激和培养环境变化可导致印记基因去甲基化；卵细胞质内单精子注射（intracytoplasmic sperm injection，ICSI）的显微操作可能引发精子表观遗传缺陷；冻融胚胎移植（frozen-thawed embryo transfer，FET）的冷冻复温应激可影响胚胎甲基化；而卵巢组织冷冻保存（ovarian tissue cryopreservation，OTC）的再灌注损伤可能破坏卵巢DNA甲基化稳定性。综述IVF、ICSI、FET和OTC 4种技术对配子、胚胎及子代DNA甲基化调控的差异性机制，可能为优化ART流程和改善子代健康提供一些理论依据。

关键词: 生殖技术，辅助, 体外受精, 精子注射，细胞质内, 胚胎移植, 低温保存, 表观基因组学, DNA甲基化

Abstract:

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) may increase pregnancy risks such as preterm birth and placental dysfunction by perturbing DNA methylation regulation. Studies have shown that the hormonal stimulation and culture conditions during in vitro fertilization (IVF) may induce imprinted gene demethylation; and that the micromanipulation during intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may precipitate paternal epigenetic defects. The cryopreservation-thawing stress associated with frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) may modify embryonic methylomes; and the ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) ischemia-reperfusion injury may destabilize ovarian DNA methylation. This review delineates the differential mechanisms of these four modalities, including IVF, ICSI, FET and OTC, in regulating DNA methylation of gametes, embryos, and offspring, which may provide a theoretical framework for optimizing ART protocols and improving offspring health.

Key words: Reproductive techniques, assisted, Fertilization in vitro, Sperm injections, intracytoplasmic, Embryo transfer, Cryopreservation, Epigenomics, DNA methylation

黄茹, 金梦寒, 钟禹农, 王克瀚, 孟庆霞. 辅助生殖技术来源配子、胚胎及子代DNA甲基化的研究进展[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2026, 45(1): 45-48.

HUANG Ru, JIN Meng-han, ZHONG Yu-nong, WANG Ke-han, MENG Qing-xia. Research Progress on DNA Methylation of Gametes, Embryos and Offspring from Assisted Reproductive Technology[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2026, 45(1): 45-48.

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