国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 362-367.doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20260265

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

多囊卵巢综合征患者首次冻融胚胎移植周期胚胎类型对妊娠结局和新生儿结局的影响

刘敏瑞, 刘敏, 张富青()   

  1. 450012 郑州市妇幼保健院生殖遗传科
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-18 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 张富青,E-mail:zfqfx@163.com

Impact of Embryo Type on Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes in the First Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Cycle of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

LIU Min-rui, LIU Min, ZHANG Fu-qing()   

  1. Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women and Infants Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450012, China
  • Received:2026-05-18 Published:2026-09-15 Online:2026-09-20
  • Contact: ZHANG Fu-qing, E-mail: zfqfx@163.com

摘要:

目的:分析多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)首次冻融胚胎移植(frozen-thawed embryo transfer,FET)周期移植胚胎类型对妊娠结局和新生儿结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月1日—2025年4月1日于郑州市妇幼保健院行首次FET周期的PCOS患者,根据移植胚胎类型分为双卵裂期胚胎组(D3组)和单囊胚组(D5组),对2组患者进行1∶1倾向性评分匹配后,D3组和D5组各匹配到97例,比较2组的妊娠结局和新生儿结局。进一步根据D5组移植的是否为优质囊胚,将其分为优质囊胚组(tD5组,65例)和非优质囊胚组(ntD5组,32例),分别与D3组进行妊娠结局的比较。采用Logistic回归分析影响临床妊娠和活产的因素。结果:D3组多胎妊娠率高于D5组(36.67% vs. 1.85%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=21.390,P≤0.001)。ntD5组的临床妊娠率(40.63%)低于D3组(61.86%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.415,P=0.036)。D5组的新生儿出生体质量、出生身长大于D3组,低出生体质量儿、小于胎龄儿发生率小于D3组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。tD5组大于胎龄儿发生率[22.22%(8/36)]高于D3组[7.02%(4/57)],差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.539,P=0.033)。Logistic回归分析显示,以移植0枚优质胚胎为参照,移植1枚优质胚胎(OR=2.328,95%CI:1.002~5.407)、移植2枚优质胚胎(OR=5.288,95%CI:1.517~18.434)的临床妊娠概率增加;移植2枚优质胚胎(OR=4.937,95%CI:1.347~18.101)活产概率增加。结论:PCOS患者的首次FET周期中,单囊胚移植可在一定程度上改善新生儿结局,但同时可能增加大于胎龄儿发生率。因此,对于有发生大于胎龄儿风险的患者,可考虑移植卵裂期胚胎;而无大于胎龄儿风险的患者,应首选单囊胚移植。

关键词: 多囊卵巢综合征, 胚胎移植, 囊胚, 妊娠结局, 倾向性评分, 冻融胚胎移植

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the impact of embryo type on the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in the first frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on PCOS patients who underwent their first FET cycle in our hospital, between January 1, 2017 and April 1, 2025. Patients were divided into two groups based on the type of embryos transferred: the double cleavage-stage embryo transfer group (D3 group) and the single blastocyst transfer group (D5 group). The two groups were matched 1∶1 using propensity score matching (PSM), resulting in 97 cases matched in both the D3 and D5 groups. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups after PSM. The D5 group was further subdivided into the top-quality blastocyst group (tD5 group, 65 cases) and the non-top-quality blastocyst group (ntD5 group, 32 cases), which were compared with the D3 group in terms of pregnancy outcomes. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing clinical pregnancy and live birth. Results: The multiple pregnancy rate in the D3 group was significantly higher than that in the D5 group (36.67% vs. 1.85%, χ2=21.390, P≤0.001). The clinical pregnancy rate in the ntD5 group (40.63%) was lower than that in the D3 group (61.86%), the difference was significant (χ2=4.415, P=0.036). Compared with the D3 group, the D5 group had a higher neonatal birth weight, greater birth length, lower proportion of low birth weight infants and small for gestational age infant (SGA) (all P<0.05). Additionally, the large for gestational age infant (LGA) rate in the tD5 group [22.22% (8/36)] was significantly higher than that in the D3 group [7.02% (4/57)] (χ2=4.539, P=0.033). Logistic regression analysis showed that, using the transfer of 0 high-quality embryos as a reference, the transfer of one high-quality embryo (OR=2.328, 95%CI: 1.002-5.407) and transfer of two high-quality embryos (OR=5.288, 95%CI: 1.517-18.434) were associated with increased probability of clinical pregnancy. Transfer of two high-quality embryos (OR=4.937, 95%CI: 1.347-18.101) was associated with increased probability of live birth. Conclusions: In the first FET cycle of PCOS patients, single blastocyst transfer can improve the neonatal outcomes, yet increase the incidence of LGA, to some extent. Therefore, the cleavage-stage embryo transfer may be considered for those patients at high risk of LGA. By contrast, the single blastocyst transfer is the preferred option for those patients without LGA-related risks.

Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Embryo transfer, Blastula, Pregnancy outcome, Propensity score, Frozen-thawed embryo transfer