Abstract: Objective： To analyze the vaginal secretion pathogen and ecology correlative factors in infertile patients. Methods：We did the retrospective survey included 850 infertile women who accepted the hysteroscopy and laparoscopy examination from Jan 2008 to Dec 2009. Vaginal secretion was collected before operation. The Nugent grade was used to evaluate the vaginal bacteria. The patients were then divided into two groups，normal bacteria group （307 cases，36.12%） and abnormal group （543 cases，63.88%）. The abnormal group was further divided into five subgoups as follows, lactobacillus decreased group （325 cases），Gram positive bacillus small group （173 cases），bacterial vaginal disease group （26 cases），flora inhibit group （11 cases） and vulvovaginal candidiasis group （8 cases）. Results：The dysmenorrheal rate of abnormal bacteria group was higher than that of normal bacteria group （P＜0.05），OR （95%CI ） was 1.38 （1.02-1.88），while the incidence rate of pelvic endometriosis was higher than that of normal bacteria group （OR=1.82，95%CI：1.09~3.04，P=0.021）. The tubal distortion rate of the BV positive group was higher than that of normal group （OR=5.02，95%CI：2.11~11.94，P=0.000）. Conclusions：It is important to treat actively endometriosis for protecting the vaginal microenvironment. It would play some roles in the fertility protection to reconstruct the normal vaginal ecology.

Key words: Vagina, Infertility, female, Endometriosis, Vulvovaginal, Vaginosis, bacterial