Abstract: Human papillomavirus（HPV） infection has become one of the most serious disease burdens for women. HPV infection not only causes the common sexually transmitted disease（STD），and also closely related to genital tract tumors. Particularly，the persistent infection of high-risk HPV （HR-HPV） is the most important risk factor of cervical cancer. Although the clinical research about HPV infection and cervical cancer has become a hot spot over the past decade，there are still many problems and challenges about the epidemiology of HPV infection，such as the role of HR-HPV testing in cervical cancer screening，how to block the HRHPV persistent infection, and the use of HPV vaccine in China.

Key words: Epidemiology, Uterine cervical neoplasms, Multiphasic screening, Infection, Papillomavirus vaccines