Abstract: The infection rate of mycoplasma is high in the female reproductive tract. The clinical symptoms of mycoplasma infection could be inapparent, or mild in those infected women. Mycoplasma can cause the morphological and functional changes in fallopian tube and endometrium by immune inflammation, which could lead to infertility. In those women with assisted reproductive technology (ART) failure, the change of endometrial receptivity induced by mycoplasma infection should be considered as a potential cause of the embryo implantation failure. The hysteroscopy, endometrial biopsy and cervical secretions smear to detect the chronic endometritis caused by mycoplasma infection can be suggested before the next embryo implantation. If the detection shows the positive mycoplasma infection, antibiotics and others should be used. To evaluate the efficacy of treatment, transvaginal ultrasonography is used to detect the thickness, blood flow and peristaltic wave of endometrium, so as to avoid the failure of assisted reproduction. In addition, the effect of mycoplasma infection on reproductive failure may have individual difference.

Key words:  Mycoplasma infection, Endometritis, Reproductive techniques, assisted, Treatment failure, Infertility, female