Abstract: About 10% to 15% of infertile women are related to the uterine cavity abnormalities. The common uterine cavity lesions include endometrial polyps, submucous fibroids, uterine septum and intrauterine adhesions. Other lesions are often found including chronic endometritis, tuberculosis, retained products of conception, and so on. These lesions may result incavity morphological abnormalities, dysfunctional uterine contractility, abnormal uterine vascularization, chronic endometrial inflammation, and the impaired endometrial receptivity, which affect the fertilization, implantation and pregnancy maintenance. Diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy can significantly improve the outcomes of clinical pregnancy in those women with uterine cavity abnormalities and unexplained infertility.

Key words: Uterine diseases, Infertility, female, Hysteroscopes