Abstract: Transvaginal laparoscopy, one of the natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgeries, can be used to discover and treat abnormal lesion in female pelvis. For infertile patients，transvaginal laparoscopy, especially transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (THL), has been described as a more sensitive and minimally invasive technique to detect subtle lesions and causes of infertility. It was found that the curative effect and postoperative complication of THL are similar to laparoscopy. However, the incidences of adhesion and pain are much lower, the postoperative recovery is quicker, when compared with laparoscopy. THL was mainly used for the pelvic examination to detect the cause of infertility， pelvic adhesiolysis, treatment of endometriosis and hydrotubation. Ovarian drilling by THL could be a minimally invasive choice to treat polycystic ovary syndrome, which reduce LH level and improve metabolic syndrome, and achieve 30% of natural conception rate. This article focuses on the application and research progress of THL in the infertility diagnosis and treatment.

Key words: Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy, Laparoscopy, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Infertility, female, Endometriosis, Fallopian tube diseases