Table of Content

15 March 2019, Volume 38 Issue 2
Previous Issue    Next Issue

---

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Simvastatin Improves the Quality of Vitrified-Warmed Ovarian Tissue after Auto-Transplantation WANG Da-lin，GAN Dong-ying，HAN Ge-ge，GENG Meng-hui，XING A-ying，HU Yan-qiu，LIU Jia-yin 2019, 38 (2):  93-98.  Abstract ( 1337 )   PDF (9666KB) ( 8885 )   Objective：To study the effect and mechanism of simvastatin on the quality of vitrified-warmed ovarian tissue after auto-transplantation in mice. Methods：Eighty female ICR mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were used. Fresh ovarian tissues (fresh ovarian tissue group) were collected from 10 mice, and vitrified-warmed ovarian tissues (vitrified-warmed ovarian tissue group) were collected from other 10 mice, whose ovaries were removed and vitrified by two-step vitrification procedures. Ovarian tissues of 60 mice were removed and vitrified for one week. After thawing, ovarian tissues were auto-transplanted to the back muscles. Survival mice were randomly divided into two groups. The mice in simvastatin group (n=30) were administered with simvastatin (5 mg/kg, orally), whereas the mice in saline group (n=30) received normal saline as control. Two treatments lasted for 7 days after auto-transplantation. Mice were sacrificed on the day 3, 7 and 21, five mice were killed in every time point for each group. Ovarian tissues were collected for HE, ki67, CD34 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay (Tunel). Serum was collected for detecting E2 and FSH on the day 3, 7 and 21. Moreover mice were sacrificed on the day 3 and 7，five mice were killed in every time point for each group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed. Results：Compared with the fresh ovarian tissue, the vitrified-warmed ovarian tissue had lower number of antral follicles and higher number of Tunel positive cells (both P＜0.05). Ki67 in the ovarian tissue was mainly expressed in the granulosa cells and ovarian stroma cells. On the day 3 and 7 after transplantation, the number of primordial follicles in the simvastatin group was higher, and the number of apoptotic follicles was less, than those in the saline group (both P＜0.05). On the day 21, the ovarian tissue grew well and the antral follicles were found in both groups. The number of antral follicles of simvastatin group was higher than saline group. The CD34-positive area in the simvastatin group was increased than that in the saline group (P＜0.05) on the day 3 and 7. The levels of serum E2 was significantly increased after transplantation, and the level of FSH was decreased on the day 21. In the simvastatin group, the level of SOD was increased, and MDA decreased, on the day 3 and 7 (both P＜0.05). Conclusions：Treatment with simvastatin after auto- transplantation of ovarian tissue can prevent the ovarian damage and restore ovarian function through the mechanisms of anti-oxidation and reconstruction of blood vessels. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analysis of Pregnancy Outcome in 240 Patients with Severe Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome ZHANG Yuan，SHU Li，WU Wei，MA Xiang，MAO Yun-dong，LIU Jia-yin 2019, 38 (2):  99-103.  Abstract ( 1238 )   PDF (832KB) ( 9015 )   Objective：To analyze the pregnancy outcome of patients with severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and the related risk factors. Methods：The pregnancy outcomes of 240 pregnant women with severe OHSS from January 2010 to September 2016 were analyzed. 510 pregnant women matched by age and body mass index (BMI) after in vitro fertilization (IVF) without OHSS were selected as the control group. Results：① Compared with the control group, the severe OHSS group had higher number of antral follicle count (AFC) and higher level of serum anti Mullerian hormone (AMH) and higher proportion of long-protocol used in ovulation induction. The level of estrogen on the hCG day in the severe OHSS group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the numbers of dominant follicles and retrieved oocytes were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). ② The average number of embryos transferred and the twin rate in the severe OHSS group were higher than those in the control group, while the gestational weeks and birth weight of newborns were lower than those in the control group (all P＜0.05). There was no significant differences in the incidences of preterm delivery, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) between the two groups (all P＞0.05). ③ Pregnancy outcomes of single pregnancy and twin pregnancy were analyzed respectively. There were no significant differences in the incidences of GDM and PROM, cesarean section rate, birth weight of newborn, gestational week of delivery and premature delivery rate between the two groups (all P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of PIH in single fetus pregnancy between the two groups (P＞0.05). However, the incidence of PIH in twin pregnancy in the severe OHSS group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusions：The decreased gestational age and birth weight after severe OHSS pregnancy may be associated with the increased twin pregnancy ratio. Controlling the number of embryos transferred in the fresh cycles can effectively reduce the occurrence of OHSS, and can improve the pregnancy outcome of OHSS patients. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of Early Anticoagulation Intervention on Pregnancy Outcome in Patients with High D-dimer before Freezing Embryo Transfer LUO Xi，ZHOU Cong-rong，HUANG Yong-li，LYU Jing，PAN Li-na 2019, 38 (2):  104-107.  Abstract ( 1457 )   PDF (828KB) ( 9170 )   Objective：To analyze the effect of early anticoagulation intervention on pregnancy outcome in patients with high D-dimer before freezing embryo transfer (FET). Methods：A total of 89 patients undergoing FET were included in the present study. The level of D-dimer on the day before FET was measured. Those patients with high D-dimer (more than 0.5 μg/mL) were randomly divided into two groups: the treatment group (43 patients) and the control group (46 patients). Patients in the treatment group were treated with low-dose aspirin or low-molecular-weight heparin sodium, while patients in the control group were not treated. The D-dimer level, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and early abortion rate were compared between the two groups. Results：There were no significant differences in D-dimer concentration, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate between the two groups (P＞0.05). However, the abortion rate in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusions：Early anticoagulation therapy with low dose aspirin or low molecular weight heparin in those patients with the high level of D-dimer before FET can improve the pregnancy outcome. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical Observation of Psychological Intervention Combined with Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction YANG Ying-lan，XU Ning，LIU Mei，HAN Qian-qian，LU Qin-xue 2019, 38 (2):  108-112.  Abstract ( 1233 )   PDF (840KB) ( 9052 )   Objective：To explore the clinical effect of psychological intervention combined with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). Methods：A total of 60 patients with PFD who were treated in the obstetrics department of Shandong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2017 to August 2018 were selected and divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was given PFMT, and the experimental group was given the targeted psychological intervention plus PFMT. The pelvic floor surface electromyography (sEMG), psychological function and life quality were assessed before and after treatment. Results：①There was no significant difference in the value of sEMG before treatment between the two groups (P＞0.05). After treatment, the EMG values of the two groups were higher than those before treatment except for the pos-baseline step(P＜0.05), and this value of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05). ②The differences in the scores of SAS and SDS before treatment between the two groups were no significant (P＞0.05). In both groups, the scores of SAS and SDS after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (P＜0.05), and the scores of SAS and SDS after treatment in the experimental group were lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). ③The differences of the scores of PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 before treatment between the two groups were no significant (P＞0.05). After treatment, the scores of PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 in both groups were significant lower than those before treatment (P＜0.05), and two scores in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). ④The total effective rate (93.3%) of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (70.0%) ( χ2=5.455, P=0.020). Conclusions：The psychological intervention combined with PFMT can improve the mental state of patients, alleviate the anxiety and depression and enhance the pelvic floor muscle contraction amplitude, which is beneficial to improve treatment enthusiasm, therapy compliance and life quality. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Inflammatory Stress and Coagulation Function in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Subclinical Hypothyroidism, and Effect on Pregnancy Outcome GAN Yu-shu，YANG Yu-zong，WANG Yan，SUN Qiang 2019, 38 (2):  113-115.  Abstract ( 1163 )   PDF (819KB) ( 9091 )   Objective：To investigate the inflammatory factors and coagulation function in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), and the effects on the pregnancy outcome. Methods：Sixty GDM patients with SCH (the combined group), 55 GDM patients (the simple group) and 60 healthy pregnant women (the control group) were selected. The inflammatory factors, coagulation function and pregnancy outcome in the three groups were compared. Results：Compared with the control group, the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen (FIB) in the simple group and the combined group were increased significantly (P＜0.05). The above parameters in the combined group were significantly higher than those in the simple group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) among the three groups (P＞0.05). The rate of fetal growth restriction in the simple group and the combined group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The rate of cesarean section in the combined group was significantly higher than that in the control group or the simple group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidences of preterm birth and placental abruption in the three groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions：GDM combined with SCH can cause abnormal FIB level, which significantly increases the inflammatory stress and the risk of adverse effects such as fetal growth restriction and cesarean section. Monitoring the inflammatory stress and coagulation function in those patients with GDM and SCH should be strengthened in clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Efficacy and Safety of Buzhong Yiqi Granule Combined with Polysaccharide Iron Complex in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia during Pregnancy ZHOU Zhen-zhao，WU Li-ming，CHEN Yu 2019, 38 (2):  116-119.  Abstract ( 1513 )   PDF (802KB) ( 9041 )   Objective：To investigate the clinical effect of Buzhong Yiqi granules combined with polysaccharide-iron complex on the iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy. Methods：120 pregnant women with IDA were divided into two groups according to the digital random table method, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with polysaccharide-iron complex. The BY-treatment group was treated with Buzhong Yiqi granule (BY) combined with polysaccharide-iron complex. The red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), mean hemoglobin (MCH), serum iron (SI), serum ferritin (SF), hepcdin and transferrin receptor (sTfR) were compared between the two groups, before and after treatment. The total effective rate, the incidence of adverse reactions and the outcome of pregnancy were also compared. Results：RBC, Hb, MCH, SI, SF of the BY-treatment group were higher than those of the control group, while hepcdin and sTfR were lower than those of the control group, and the total effective rate was higher than that of the control group (all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions and the outcomes of adverse pregnancy between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions：Buzhong Yiqi granule combined with polysaccharide iron complex can effectively improve iron metabolism, and it is effective and safe in the treatment of IDA during pregnancy. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Severe Asthenospermia Combined with Polycystic Kidney due to Gene Mutation of SEPT12：A Case Report and Literature Review ZHOU Jing-hua，HAN Rui-yu，CHEN Zhuai-sheng，MO Yi，ZHOU Ce，ZHANG Yao，ZHANG Jia-xin，DENG Pei-pei，WANG Shu-song，CHEN Chao 2019, 38 (2):  120-123.  Abstract ( 1273 )   PDF (4221KB) ( 9121 )   Objective：To report the mutations of SEPT12 gene in one case of severe asthenospermia combined with polycystic kidney, and discuss the possible role of SEPT12 gene by additional literature review. Methods：The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and genetic test in a patient with severe asthenospermia and polycystic kidney were summarised, and related literatures were reviewed. Results：The c.947A＞G (p.N316S) and c.900C>G (p.D300E) mutations of SEPT12 gene were found by high-throughput sequencing in this case. After careful deliberation, this patient had his baby by intrauterine insemination (IUI) with donor′s semen. Conclusions：We reported the c.947A＞G (p.N316S) and c.900C＞G (p.D300E) mutations of SEPT12 gene in a patients with severe asthenospermia and polycystic kidney. In clinical practice, polycystic kidney should be checked in those patients with severe asthenospermia, and high-throughput sequencing used to test the related gene mutation. The preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) or IUI with donor′s semen should be suggested for those patients. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome after In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer, with Increased Level of CA125: A Case Report JIANG Lei，HAO Gui-min，XU Xin，WAN Fang-fang 2019, 38 (2):  124-126.  Abstract ( 1835 )   PDF (737KB) ( 9029 )   Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a common iatrogenic complication with potential risk in assisted reproductive technology, which can endanger life in severe cases. At present, the pathogensis is not clear. Prevention is the main clinical method, so the early detection is crucial. Due to OHSS is a self-limiting disease, timely diagnosis, treatment and follow-up visit are very important. However, there is no gold standard of OHSS prediction. We report an OHSS patient with the increased level of CA125 who undergo the IVF-ET treatment in this paper. With literature review, we therefore explore the correlation, and its clinical significance, between serum CA125 and OHSS, and discuss whether CA125 can be used as an OHSS parameter of risk evaluation, symptomatic treatment and follow-up visit. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A Case Report of Double Uterus and Cervix with Vaginal Septum Misdiagnosed as Pelvic Mass GUO Zhe-xuan，LIAO Hui-hui，LI Yu，FENG Li 2019, 38 (2):  127-129.  Abstract ( 1345 )   PDF (1962KB) ( 9053 )   Oblique vaginal septum syndrome(OVSS) is defined as a congenital malformation with double palace body, double cervix, double vagina, and complete or incomplete unilateral vaginal atresia. It is often accompanied with urinary system malformation such as kidney absence. With the advantages of simple, convenience and noninvasive sensing, ultrasonography is the first choice for the diagnosis of OVSS. Surgery is the only effective way to treat OVSS. At present, the optimal method of operation is the oblique vaginal septum resection. In order to improve the understanding of OVSS, a case of double cervix and vaginal oblique diaphragm misdiagnosed as pelvic mass was analyzed retrospectively. The causes of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of female genitourinary malformation were discussed in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Cornual Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literatures Review XIAO Xiao，ZHAO Wei，YAO Hai-yang，TENG Xiu-xiang 2019, 38 (2):  130-133.  Abstract ( 1427 )   PDF (2814KB) ( 9087 )   A case of cornual pregnancy misdiagnosed as incomplete abortion in another hospital was analyzed retrospectively, and the literatures of cornual pregnancy were reviewed. The etiology of cornual pregnancy may be related to pelvic inflammatory disease, abnormal reproductive organs and other factors. However, it is still not clear. Early diagnosis of cornual pregnancy is difficult, and misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis are common. The cornual pregnancy should be alerted when there are incomplete abortion, expired abortion, induced abortion incomplete, dilation and curettage incomple. The ultrasound examination in early pregnancy can improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Compared with expectant therapy, drug conservative treatment and ultrasound-guided induced abortion, the minimally invasive surgery has a higher success rate and lower risk. It is understandably less invasive than laparotomy. Therefore, the minimally invasive surgery should be advised in the diagnosis and treatment of cornual pregnancy. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Mindfulness-Based Therapy on the Psychological Health of Pregnant Women SHEN Tao，BAI Xiao-xia 2019, 38 (2):  134-137.  Abstract ( 1434 )   PDF (775KB) ( 9119 )   Due to the special condition of physiology and psychology, pregnancy and childbirth may lead to the increased psychological stress in women, which may affect the pregnancy outcomes and increase the incidence of postpartum depression. However, few courses and studies focus on the psychological health of pregnant women. The mental health problem of pregnant women has been an urgent social problem. Mindfulness-based therapy is a method of psychological intervention based on mindfulness. The core is perceiving but not evaluating. Mindfulness-based therapy has become a mainstream method in the field of psychotherapy, which can effectively relieve stress, alleviate anxiety and depression, and promote physical and mental health of patients. Mindfulness-based therapy has been widely used in the treatment of mental disorders in patients with chronic diseases, and achieved definite results. In the field of psychological intervention on pregnant women, mindfulness-based therapy has been increasingly applied. At present, the mindfulness decompression intervention for pregnant women include the mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting (MBCP) and the mindfulness-based childbirth education (MBCE), which can reduce the self-perceived pressure and enhance the efficiency of childbirth of pregnant women, and thus effectively improve the mental health. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Sperm-Related Factors of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion ZHANG Xin-yue，WANG Hui，QIAN Yun 2019, 38 (2):  137-141.  Abstract ( 1467 )   PDF (794KB) ( 9181 )   The main risk factors of recurrent spontancous abortion(RSA) include genetic, anatomical and endocrine factors, infection, immune dysfunction, pre-thrombotic state, systemic diseases of pregnant women and environmental factors. Clinical studies have shown that sperm quality is closely related to embryo development potential. The sperm-related factors of RSA, a variety of abnormalities in traditional semen parameters, sperm function parameters and sperm DNA / chromatin integrity, were reviewed, which provides a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of RSA. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress of LncRNAs and MiRNAs in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia TIAN Cheng-cheng，SONG Wen-yan 2019, 38 (2):  142-145.  Abstract ( 1593 )   PDF (809KB) ( 9114 )   Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) accounts for about 10% to 15% of male infertility. However, the etiology of non-chromosomal NOA is complex and the pathogenesis is still unclear. Spermatogenesis is regulated by transcription factors, genes or signaling pathways. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a kind of regulatory non-coding RNAs with a length of more than 200 nucleotides, which participate in basic biochemical and cellular processes through various mechanisms such as transcription, post-transcriptional and epigenetic modification. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) bind to mRNA through base-pairing, in which miRNAs promote mRNA degradation or block mRNA translation, and inhibite the expression of the target protein. MiRNAs play multiple roles in biological processes including development, differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. The abnormal expressions of lncRNAs and miRNAs can lead to the disorder of spermatogenesis. Therefore, the study on lncRNAs and miRNAs in NOA is helpful for us to analyse the etiology and pathogenesis of NOA. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Potential of Sirtuins in Field of Reproductive Medicine HE Yuan-man，DU Hui-lan 2019, 38 (2):  146-149.  Abstract ( 2290 )   PDF (751KB) ( 11169 )   The roles of Sirtuins family in reproductive regulation has become a research hotspot in recent years. Sirtuins can regulate spindle assembly and chromosome arrangement during meiosis, improve meiosis of oocyte, promote mitochondrial biosynthesis, regulate energy homeostasis, and improve oocyte and early embryo quality. Sirtuins can protect in vitro the cultured oocyte by increasing antioxidant enzymes. Sirtuins therefore extent female reproductive life by participating in calorie restriction and anti-oxidation. Sirtuins can also inhibit the apoptosis of human granulosa cells, regulate the secretion of reproductive hormones, and provide a good microenvironment for the development of oocytes. In addition, sirtuins play a positive role in the quality and quantity of male sperm. We summarize the effects of sirtuins and the mechanism in reproductive regulation, so as to provide a reference for the future application of Sirtuins agonists in human reproduction. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

mTOR with the Follicular Development ZHU Jing，YANG Qing-ling，SUN Ying-pu 2019, 38 (2):  150-153.  Abstract ( 1692 )   PDF (737KB) ( 9225 )   Primordial follicle, as a basic unit of female reproduction, consist of oocyte and its surrounding a layer of flat granulosa cells. The primordial follicle pool has already been established in fetus. The number of primordial follicles is continuously decreasing with age, this pool therefore represents the female reproductive lifespan. It has been proved that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) play a critical role in cellular growth and development. The excessive expression of mTOR activates the protein synthesis in dormant oocytes and pregranulosa cells, and subsequently induces the over-activation of primordial follicles, leading to the exhaustion of the promordial follicle pool, the decline of ovarian reserve and the decurtation of female reproductive lifespan. Recent years, mTOR, as well as the mediated signaling pathway, have become a hotspot in the field of reproductive medicine as the potential targets. The regulation of mTOR on follicle development could provide new strategies for delaying ovarian aging. In this article，the activation of mammalian primordial follicle and its relationship to mTOR signaling networks were reviewed, and the possible relationship between mTOR and female infertility was discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Main Factors Related to the Rate of Embryo Implantation GAO Ge，ZHANG Yun-shan 2019, 38 (2):  154-157.  Abstract ( 1438 )   PDF (752KB) ( 9173 )   In-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer（IVF-ET） is one of the most effective therapies for human infertility. However, the low implantation rate is still one of the clinical problems. The factors related to the rate of embryo implantation are from two aspects, factors of embryo quality and factors of endometrial receptivity. In this review, we discuss the new methods of selecting high-quality embryos such as time-lapse and pre-implantation genetic screening, as well as the endometrial receptivity and window of implantation. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Positive Effects of Heparin on Endometrial Receptivity WANG Chun-xue，YU Yue-xin，NIU Kai-di 2019, 38 (2):  158-161.  Abstract ( 1583 )   PDF (742KB) ( 9087 )   Endometrial receptivity (ER), one of important factors related to the successful implantation of embryo, refers to the ability of endometrium to accept the embryo. Benifited from the development of assisted reproductive technology, the number of high-quality embryos has increased. However, the success rate of embryo implantation has not reached a high level. Most studies on the implantation process are focused on embryo, while the study on endometrial factors is less. It is necessary to pay attention to ER, and how to improve ER, so as to improve the embryo implantation rate and the clinical pregnancy rate. Heparin as an anticoagulant plays an important role in anticoagulant, inhibition of platelet aggregation and anti-inflammation. Heparin was also widely used in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, such as the prevention of postoperative thrombosis and recurrent abortion, and the treatment of gestational hypertension and other diseases. In addition, heparin has also been used to improve the success rate of embryo implantation in the clinical practice of reproductive medicine due to its positive effect on ER. The clinical application of heparin in reproductive medicine, as well as the mechanism related to ER, was reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Fertility of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Combined with Insulin Resistance DING Feng-juan，HAO Cui-fang 2019, 38 (2):  162-165.  Abstract ( 1259 )   PDF (766KB) ( 9124 )   Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disease in women of pregnancy age, is characterized by hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism and/or anovulation. It spans the whole process of women's life. However, the etiology of PCOS is still unclear. Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the common metabolic disorders in patients with PCOS, in which hyperinsulinemia can lead to the changes in hormone levels, follicular growth restriction, endometrial receptivity, and increased abortion or infertility rates. The increased incidence of pregnancy complications, even anxiety, depression and other psychological problems, could be related with IR. PCOS combined with IR has attracted more and more attention in reproductive medicine. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Placenta Exosomes, Pregnancy and Complications FENG Xiao-ling，JIA Dan，CHEN Lu，ZHANG Yang 2019, 38 (2):  166-169.  Abstract ( 1465 )   PDF (743KB) ( 9151 )   Cells produce exosomes, a kind of extracellular nanobubbles, which transmit information in tissue microenvironments. Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles, with diameter of 30-100 nm, that are released by cells in a controlled manner and that participate in extracellular and intercellular activities. Some key functions of exosomes include intercellular communication, immune regulation, extracellular matrix turnover, stem cell division/differentiation, angiogenesis and cell waste removal, promoting normal and pathological processes. The exosome can carry a variety of bioactive factors (proteins, RNA, lipids, etc.) and widely exists in peripheral blood, milk, urine, saliva, ascites, amniotic fluid and other body fluids. The exosome from placenta in maternal plasma is generally increased following pregnancy, which plays important roles in the placenta development and maternal immune tolerance. The biological changes of placental exosome would be related with pregnant complications such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. The study on placenta exosome may be helpful for developing early diagnosis in pregnant women with high risks of pregnant complications, monitoring therapy response, and finding new therapy targets of exosomes. In this paper, we discuss the exosomes and its potential relationships with pregnancy and pregnant complications. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis and Treatment of Adolescent Endometriosis Aminaguli·Maimaitituo he ti，Minawaer·Mai ding，GAO Gui-qin 2019, 38 (2):  170-176.  Abstract ( 1447 )   PDF (864KB) ( 9147 )   Although the true prevalence of adolescent endometriosis is unknown, at least two thirds of adolescent girls with the chronic pelvic pain or dysmenorrhea being unresponsive to oral contraceptive (OCP) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) will be diagnosed with endometriosis at the time of diagnostic laparoscopy. Compared with adult endometriosis, adolescent endometriosis has certain clinical features. The main manifestations are dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain, often accompanied by gastrointestinal and urinary symptoms. About 48% of patients with adolescent endometriosis have psychological disorders, mainly manifested as anxiety or depression and so on. The risk factors of adolescent endometriosis include reproductive organ malformation, early menarche, family history, maternal pregnancy-related diseases and so on. Diagnosis should be combined with the history, clinical manifestations, high-risk factors, gynecological examination, pelvic ultrasound and/or MRI. Laparoscopy and biopsy are the standard for diagnosing definitely adolescent endometriosis. The treatment method of adolescent endometriosis should be based on the comprehensive consideration of the age, symptoms, stages and side effects of medicine, which includes drug therapy, surgery and postoperative adjuvant drug therapy. It is necessary to take the individual treatment and long-term management for those patients with adolescent endometriosis. Related Articles | Metrics