环境因素调节精子非编码RNA参与代际间遗传的研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20240541

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

环境因素不仅会影响男性生育功能，还可编码精子表观遗传信息，通过代际间遗传或跨代遗传影响下一代的健康。近年研究发现，非编码RNA（non-coding RNA，ncRNA）作为调控基因表达的重要表观遗传分子，可参与精子介导的代际间遗传过程。多种环境因素可调节精子ncRNA水平，导致子代甚至第三代出现内分泌、精神、生殖和运动等方面的健康问题。药物干预和生活方式改善可调节精子ncRNA的表达，提高精子的质量，从而提高后代的健康水平。了解ncRNA的分类和功能，环境因素改变精子ncRNA水平的机制，以及该机制在跨代遗传，尤其是在精子成熟过程中所发挥的作用，可为探索提高男性精子质量的方法提供思路。

关键词: RNA, 非翻译, 精子, 精子成熟, 父系遗传, 环境因素诱发疾病

Abstract:

Environmental stressors not only affect male fertility but also encode epigenetic information in sperm, thereby influencing the health of subsequent generations through intergenerational or transgenerational inheritance. Recent studies have found that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), as an important epigenetic molecule regulating gene expression, participates in the intergenerational inheritance mediated by sperm. The environmental factors can modulate the levels of ncRNAs in sperm, potentially leading to the disorders of endocrine, mental, reproductive and motor health in the offspring and even the third generation. Pharmacological interventions and lifestyle improvements can regulate the expression of ncRNAs in sperm, enhancing sperm quality and thus contribute to the improved health of offspring. Understanding the classification and functions of ncRNAs, the mechanisms by which environmental stressors alter the levels of ncRNAs in sperm, the role of ncRNAs in transgenerational inheritance and the particular role during sperm maturation, provides valuable references for exploring methods to improve human sperm quality.

Key words: RNA, untranslated, Spermatozoa, Sperm maturation, Paternal inheritance, Disorders of environmental origin

刘昱彬, 薛韬, 陈沁祎, 何欣芸, 刘悦. 环境因素调节精子非编码RNA参与代际间遗传的研究进展[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2025, 44(1): 65-70.

LIU Yu-bin, XUE Tao, CHEN Qin-yi, HE Xin-yun, LIU Yue. Environmental Stressors Regulating Sperm Non-Coding RNA Involved in Intergenerational Inheritance[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2025, 44(1): 65-70.

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