Research Progress of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20230099

Abstract

Abstract:

Growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15) is one member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. GDF15 is specifically overexpressed in placental tissue. The expression level of GDF15 gradually increases with gestational age. Some studies have shown that the abnormal level of GDF15 is associated with a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes at the different stages of pregnancy. During the first trimester of pregnancy, the low level of GDF15 is associated with spontaneous abortion, while the high level of GDF15 is associated with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, and even hyperemesis gravidarum. During the second and third trimester, the abnormal expression level of GDF15 is closely related to the metabolism-related diseases such as gestational hypertensive disorder, gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational anemia. In this article, we review the relationship between GDF15 and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Key words: Growth differentiation factor 15, Hyperemesis gravidarum, Pregnancy complications, Hypertension, pregnancy-induced, Diabetes, gestational, Abortion, spontaneous, Pregnancy outcome

ZHU Meng-yi, GAO Jing-shu, WANG Yu, FENG Jia-xing, ZHANG Bei, WU Xiao-ke. Research Progress of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2023, 42(5): 419-423.

References 40

[1]	Breit SN, Brown DA, Tsai VW. The GDF15-GFRAL Pathway in Health and Metabolic Disease: Friend or Foe?[J]. Annu Rev Physiol, 2021, 83:127-151. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022020-045449. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022020-045449 pmid: 33228454
[2]	Andersson-Hall U, Svedin P, Mallard C, et al. Growth differentiation factor 15 increases in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum during pregnancy[J]. PLoS One, 2021, 16(5):e0248980. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248980. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248980 URL
[3]	Tong S, Ngian GL, Onwude JL, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of maternal serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A at 6-10 weeks of gestation to predict miscarriage[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2012, 119(5):1000-1008. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182518fd3. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182518fd3 pmid: 22525911
[4]	Iglesias P, Silvestre RA, Díez JJ. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in endocrinology[J]. Endocrine, 2023, 81(3):419-431. doi: 10.1007/s12020-023-03377-9. doi: 10.1007/s12020-023-03377-9 pmid: 37129758
[5]	Wan Y, Fu J. GDF15 as a key disease target and biomarker: linking chronic lung diseases and ageing[J]. Mol Cell Biochem, 2023 Apr 24; 1-14. doi: 10.1007/s11010-023-04743-x. doi: 10.1007/s11010-023-04743-x
[6]	Assadi A, Zahabi A, Hart RA. GDF15, an update of the physiological and pathological roles it plays: a review[J]. Pflugers Arch, 2020, 472(11):1535-1546. doi: 10.1007/s00424-020-02459-1. doi: 10.1007/s00424-020-02459-1
[7]	Yang SL, Tan HX, Lai ZZ, et al. An active glutamine/α-ketoglutarate/HIF-1α axis prevents pregnancy loss by triggering decidual IGF1⁺GDF15⁺NK cell differentiation[J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2022, 79(12):611. doi: 10.1007/s00018-022-04639-x. doi: 10.1007/s00018-022-04639-x
[8]	Welsh P, Kimenai DM, Marioni RE, et al. Reference ranges for GDF-15, and risk factors associated with GDF-15, in a large general population cohort[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med, 2022, 60(11):1820-1829. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0135. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0135 pmid: 35976089
[9]	Wertaschnigg D, Rolnik DL, Nie G, et al. Second- and third-trimester serum levels of growth-differentiation factor-15 in prediction of pre-eclampsia[J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2020, 56(6):879-884. doi: 10.1002/uog.22070. doi: 10.1002/uog.22070 URL
[10]	Wischhusen J, Melero I, Fridman WH. Growth/Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15): From Biomarker to Novel Targetable Immune Checkpoint[J]. Front Immunol, 2020, 11:951. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00951. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00951 pmid: 32508832
[11]	Koren G, Cohen R. Measuring the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; a 20-year perspective on the use of the pregnancy-unique quantification of emesis (PUQE)[J]. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2021, 41(3):335-339. doi: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1787968. doi: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1787968 URL
[12]	Fejzo MS, Ingles SA, Wilson M. High prevalence of severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum among relatives of affected individuals[J]. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2008, 141(1):13-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.07.003. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.07.003 pmid: 18752885
[13]	London V, Grube S, Sherer DM, et al. Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Review of Recent Literature[J]. Pharmacology, 2017, 100(3/4):161-171. doi: 10.1159/000477853. doi: 10.1159/000477853 URL
[14]	Fejzo MS, Fasching PA, Schneider MO, et al. Analysis of GDF15 and IGFBP7 in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Support Causality[J]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 2019, 79(4):382-388. doi: 10.1055/a-0830-1346. doi: 10.1055/a-0830-1346 URL
[15]	Fejzo MS, MacGibbon KW, First O, et al. Whole-exome sequencing uncovers new variants in GDF15 associated with hyperemesis gravidarum[J]. BJOG, 2022, 129(11):1845-1852. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.17129. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.17129 URL
[16]	Fejzo MS, Arzy D, Tian R, et al. Evidence GDF15 Plays a Role in Familial and Recurrent Hyperemesis Gravidarum[J]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 2018, 78(9):866-870. doi: 10.1055/a-0661-0287. doi: 10.1055/a-0661-0287 URL
[17]	Quenby S, Gallos ID, Dhillon-Smith RK, et al. Miscarriage matters: the epidemiological, physical, psychological, and economic costs of early pregnancy loss[J]. Lancet, 2021, 397(10285):1658-1667. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00682-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00682-6 pmid: 33915094
[18]	Farren J, Jalmbrant M, Falconieri N, et al. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression following miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2020, 222(4):367.e1-e22. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.10.102. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.10.102
[19]	Tong S, Marjono B, Brown DA, et al. Serum concentrations of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC 1) as a predictor of miscarriage[J]. Lancet, 2004, 363(9403):129-130. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15265-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15265-8 pmid: 14726168
[20]	Lu H, Yang HL, Zhou WJ, et al. Rapamycin prevents spontaneous abortion by triggering decidual stromal cell autophagy-mediated NK cell residence[J]. Autophagy, 2021, 17(9):2511-2527. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1833515. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1833515 URL
[21]	Jena SR, Nayak J, Kumar S, et al. Comparative proteome profiling of seminal components reveal impaired immune cell signalling as paternal contributors in recurrent pregnancy loss patients[J]. Am J Reprod Immunol, 2023, 89(2):e13613. doi: 10.1111/aji.13613. doi: 10.1111/aji.13613 URL
[22]	Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, et al. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review[J]. Lancet, 2006, 367(9516):1066-1074. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68397-9. doi: S0140-6736(06)68397-9 pmid: 16581405
[23]	Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia: ACOG Practice Bulletin Summary, Number 222[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2020, 135(6):1492-1495. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003892. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003892 pmid: 32443077
[24]	Yarsilikal Guleroglu F, Selvi E, Turan Bakirci I, et al. Clinical Value of Serum BMP-4, BMP-2, GDF-15, MMP-9, GP39 Levels in Pregnant Women with Obesity and the Related Comorbidities Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Hypertension[J]. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol, 2023, 227(1):42-50. doi: 10.1055/a-1937-1155. doi: 10.1055/a-1937-1155 URL
[25]	Jacobsen DP, Røysland R, Strand H, et al. Circulating cardiovascular biomarkers during and after preeclampsia: Crosstalk with placental function?[J]. Pregnancy Hypertens, 2022, 30:103-109. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.09.003. doi: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.09.003 pmid: 36148698
[26]	Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhao M, et al. Serum levels of GDF15 are reduced in preeclampsia and the reduction is more profound in late-onset than early-onset cases[J]. Cytokine, 2016, 83:226-230. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.002. doi: S1043-4666(16)30084-9 pmid: 27173615
[27]	Wang L, Yang Q. Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Preeclampsia: A Meta-Analysis[J]. Horm Metab Res, 2023, 55(2):114-123. doi: 10.1055/a-1956-2961. doi: 10.1055/a-1956-2961 URL
[28]	Modzelewski R, Stefanowicz-Rutkowska MM, Matuszewski W, et al. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-Recent Literature Review[J]. J Clin Med, 2022, 11(19):5736. doi: 10.3390/jcm11195736. doi: 10.3390/jcm11195736 URL
[29]	Zhu H, Zhao Z, Xu J, et al. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus before and after the implementation of the universal two-child policy in China[J]. Front Endocrinol(Lausanne), 2022, 13:960877. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.960877. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.960877
[30]	Ye W, Luo C, Huang J, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMJ, 2022, 377:e067946. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067946. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067946
[31]	Li E, Chen P, Lu J, et al. Serum growth differentiation factor 15 is closely associated with metabolic abnormalities in Chinese pregnant women[J]. J Diabetes Investig, 2021, 12(8):1501-1507. doi: 10.1111/jdi.13488. doi: 10.1111/jdi.13488 URL
[32]	Lu YC, Liu SL, Zhang YS, et al. Association between growth differentiation factor 15 levels and gestational diabetes mellitus: A combined analysis[J]. Front Endocrinol(Lausanne), 2023, 14:1084896. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1084896. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1084896
[33]	Li T, Hu D, Gong Y. Identification of potential lncRNAs and co-expressed mRNAs in gestational diabetes mellitus by RNA sequencing[J]. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2022, 35(25):5125-5139. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1875432. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1875432 URL
[34]	Aguilar-Recarte D, Barroso E, Gumà A, et al. GDF15 mediates the metabolic effects of PPARβ/δ by activating AMPK[J]. Cell Rep, 2021, 36(6):109501. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109501. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109501 URL
[35]	Coll AP, Chen M, Taskar P, et al. GDF15 mediates the effects of metformin on body weight and energy balance[J]. Nature, 2020, 578(7795):444-448. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1911-y. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1911-y
[36]	Ranjbaran R, Abbasi M, Rahimian E, et al. GDF-15 negatively regulates excess erythropoiesis and its overexpression is involved in erythroid hyperplasia[J]. Exp Cell Res, 2020, 397(2):112346. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112346. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112346 URL
[37]	Santhakumar S, Athiyarath R, Cherian AG, et al. Impact of maternal iron deficiency anemia on fetal iron status and placental iron transporters in human pregnancy[J]. Blood Cells Mol Dis, 2023, 99:102727. doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102727. doi: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102727 URL
[38]	Rochette L, Dogon G, Zeller M, et al. GDF15 and Cardiac Cells: Current Concepts and New Insights[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2021, 22(16):8889. doi: 10.3390/ijms22168889. doi: 10.3390/ijms22168889 URL
[39]	Almudares F, Hagan J, Chen X, et al. Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) levels predict adverse respiratory outcomes in premature neonates[J]. Pediatr Pulmonol, 2023, 58(1):271-278. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26197. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26197 URL
[40]	Kinoshita M, Yatsuga S, Iwata O, et al. Temporal changes and control variables of growth differentiation factor 15 levels during the first week of life in hospitalised newborn infants[J]. Mitochondrion, 2021, 61:25-30. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.002. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.002 pmid: 34508892