Abstract: Chlamydia（C.）trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases. Due to the
mostly asymptomatic course of infection，these women will most likely not be treated and have persistent C.
trachomatis infections，which may increase the risk of tubal pathology and tubal factor infertility. Therefore，an
adequate immune response is essential to clear the pathogen. Pattern recognition receptors（PRRs）of the toll-
like receptor（TLR）and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain（NOD）families play a substantial role in
recognizing C. trachomatis and initiating the immune response. Recent studies have shown the value of genetic
trait in C. trachomatis-associated tubal factor infertility. Genetic variations in some PPRs and human leukocyte
antigen and cytokine genes tend to increase the susceptibility，course and outcome of C. trachomatis infections.

Key words: Chlamydia trachomatis, Toll-like receptors, Polymorphism, restriction fragment length, Infertility, female, Fallopian tubes, Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Pattern recognition receptors