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15 July 2010, Volume 29 Issue 4
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Ovarian Transplantation in Female Cancer Patient ZHANG Yun-shan 2010, 29 (4):  247-251.  Abstract ( 2497 )   PDF (256KB) ( 7190 )   Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main causes for ovarian failure. Ovarian transplantation is a principal strategy for preservation of reproductive function. In terms of whether or not restoring blood supply ovarian transplantation contains ovarian transposition, ovarian transplantation without anastomosis of blood vessels and ovarian transplantation with anastomosis of blood vessels. The time and method of ovarian transplantation are dependent on individual patient’s situation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Polymorphism of Insulin Gene Variable Number Tandem Repeats Correlation with Polycystic OvarySyndrome ZHANG Qin-fen;HAN Su-ping;CUI Yu-gui;LI Ying;MA Xiang;GAO Li;MAO Yun-dong;LIU Jia-yin 2010, 29 (4):  252-255.  Abstract ( 3477 )   PDF (296KB) ( 7317 )   Objective：To investigate the correlation between the insulin gene variable number tandem repeats（INS鄄VNTR）and polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS）and metabolic features related to insulin resistance （IR）. Methods：One hundred and thirty patients with PCOS（PCOS group）and 130 normal women（control group）were included. Genotyping of INS-VNTR was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism（PCR-RFLP）. Results：The distribution of genotype of INS-VNTR was similar in PCOS group，and compared with the I/Icarriers, an odd ratio （OR）for III/IIIcarriers was 6.25 [95% confidence interval（CI）=0.749-52.79]. The distribution of genotype and the 芋allele frequency of INS-VNTR in PCOS insulin resistance（PCOS-IR）group were significantly higher than that in PCOS non-insulin resistance group （PCOS-NIR）. Moreover, PCOS women with III/IIIhad statistically significantly higher fasting insulin lever and HOMA-IR than that of PCOS women with I/I. Conclusions：INS-VNTR may not be a susceptibility gene，but INS VNTR polymorphism may play an important role in the occurrence of insulin resistance in patients with PCOS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnosis Value of Liquid-based Cervical Cell P16, Ki-67 in Atypical Squamous Cells ZHANG Jian-lan;LIU Xiao-chun;QIN Yan;XUAN Jian-yan;WANG Yi-li;PENG Min;SONG Chun-lin 2010, 29 (4):  256-258.  Abstract ( 3109 )   PDF (214KB) ( 7186 )   Objective：To investigate diagnosis value of testing P16 and Ki-67 protein expression in cervical atypical squamous cells undefined significance （ASCUS）. Methods：156 cases who suffered from ASCUS were collected. Then tested and compared the expression of P16 and Ki-67 in the cervical cell of all specimen by immunocytochemistry staining and high-risk human papillomavirus （HPV）by nucleic acid amplification with fluorescence. Results：The positive expression rate of P16 and Ki-67 was positive correlated with the severity of cervical disease（rs=0.685、rs=0.713，P约0.05）. High-risk HPV-positive rate（59.62%）is higher than P16, Ki-67 high expression rate（32.5%、33.97%），there are significant difference（字2=30.31 and 25.81, P<0.01）. The sensitivity and specificity of P16，Ki-67 staining in immune cells detecting CIN 域and above CIN 域lesions were 87.50%，93.75% and 82.26%，81.45%，respectively. The specificity of P16 and Ki-67 testing in all groups were significantly higher than HPV testing （48.39%，P约0.01). Conclusions： Detecting P16 and Ki-67 by immunocytotochemical staining had a higher detecting rate of high-evel CIN compared with a high-risk type HPV testing. It can exclude benign lesions in ASCUS and has a great clinical signification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Comprehensively Population and Family Planning Work with Principal Component Analysis XIAO Lei 2010, 29 (4):  259-260.  Abstract ( 2281 )   PDF (155KB) ( 7115 )   Objective：To evaluate comprehensively population and family planning work from 11 counties of the city and to provide reference for leadership of decision-making and the work of next step. Methods：Nine statistical indicators reflecting population and family planning work were evaluated by with principal component analysis, and data were processed using PASW Statistics 18 software for data processing in the analysis process. Results: The 11 counties were classified and ranked according to the comprehensive evaluation of PCA scores. Conclusions: The weakness of in all counties were understood and work must be improved based on the circumstances. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Comparative Analysis of the Three Metrectomies MA Jin-feng 2010, 29 (4):  261-262.  Abstract ( 2342 )   PDF (170KB) ( 7238 )   Objective: Compare the clinical effects of different metrectomies. Methods: According to the different metrectomies, sixty patients are averagely divided into three groups: 20 cases for the total abdominal hysterectomies（TAH）, 20 for the total vaginal hysterectomy（TVH）and 20 for the vaginal hysterectomy in the assistance of laparoscope （LAVH）. Then analyze the operation time, the amount of bleeding, the time of exsufflation through anus after operation and the cost of hospitalization. Results: The operation time of TVH is the shortest .The amount of bleeding of TAH is the most. The time of anal exsufflation after operation of TAH is the longest . And The average cost for hospitalization of LAVH is more expensive than the other two groups. Conclusions: Each metrectomy has respective advantage and they are irreplaceable each other. We should make a choice according to the pa Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Ovarian Transplantation LIU Yan-li;SUI Xiao-lin;ZHAO Xiao-hui 2010, 29 (4):  267-270.  Abstract ( 1827 )   PDF (239KB) ( 7152 )   Ovaries are important organs of female reproductive and endocrine. In recent years，cancer survival rate significantly increased after treatment but the high鄄dose anti-cancer drug treatment can induce serious and even irreversible damage to women ovarian structure and function，which cause premature ovarian failure and associated infertility. Ovarian transplantation can restore reproductive and endocrine function. In recent years，according to foreign scholars research on ovarian transplantation，we briefly overview the classification of ovarian transplantation，the key factor of ovarian transplantation success, t Related Articles | Metrics

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The Prospective of Metabonomics in Assisted Reproductive Technology LIU Wei-wei;SUN Ying-pu. 2010, 29 (4):  271-273.  Abstract ( 2384 )   PDF (243KB) ( 7152 )   To inerease the efficiency of the IVF procedure by improving implantation rate and lowering the risks of multiple gestations are the primary goals of the current assisted reproduction techology （ART）. These aims require a much improved gamete/embryo testing and selection procedure. Though the current approaches of microscopy-based morphology evaluation and preimplantation genetic diagnosis（PGD） play an impartant role on it, there is lack of an objective and non-invasive techniques to detect and select gamete/embryo at present. Since its birth in the 1990s, metabonomics has become an important part of systems biology. Its essence is the quantitative measurement of all low molecular weight metabolites in an organism’s cells at a specified time under specific environmental conditions. There are not many reports about Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Protein Kinase C on Germ Cell and Fertilization DING Yu-qin;JIANG Hong. 2010, 29 (4):  274-276.  Abstract ( 1742 )   PDF (205KB) ( 7163 )   Protein kinase C（PKC），as a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase and important component of cell signaling pathways，takes part in many physiological processes in regulating cell cycle， growth，proliferation，differentiation and apoptosis. It has been proved that isozymes of PKC are expressed in sperm and oocyte and can participate in fertilization，therefore further understanding has been showed that the physiological role of PKC would be imperative in exploring molecular mechanism of asthenospermia，oocyte maturation and fertilization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of in Vitro Embryotoxicity Screening Methods WANG Ya-nan;SONG Dian-rong 2010, 29 (4):  277-280.  Abstract ( 2459 )   PDF (251KB) ( 7145 )   Embryotoxicity tests in vitro, with more than 30 screening methods, are applied on screening embryotoxicity and developmental toxicity widely. Three effectiveness screening tests recommended by the European Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods（ECVAM）showed good value of application, which are whole embryo culture（WEC）、embryonic cell micromass culture（MM）and embryonic stem cell test （EST）. This article reviews recent progress of embryotoxicity testing in vitro. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Outcome and Growth of Children Born after ART XU Ding-fei;WU Qiong-fang 2010, 29 (4):  281-284.  Abstract ( 2480 )   PDF (234KB) ( 7181 )   With the development of ART（assisted reproductive technology），many infertile couples get their babies with the help of the technology. The infant birth through IVF鄄ET（in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer）shows increasing worldwide. The growth and development of these babies, the short鄄term and long鄄 term safety of ART is also become an important issue which urgently attentioned by experts in the field of reproductive, demographers, pediatrician, patient and so on.The paper reviews the most relevant literatures on the issue over the past 10 years. It summaried the birth outcomes and the growth and development for children of different ages who born through IVF鄄ET and ICSI. The present data show that growth and development of children born of assisted reproductive technology is basically no difference. The ART technology itself may be no significant impact on birth outcomes. However, the abnormal rate of ICSI children is still controversial Related Articles | Metrics

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Sperm DNA Damage and the Outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Technology YUAN Wei-na;JIANG Hong 2010, 29 (4):  285-287.  Abstract ( 2336 )   PDF (210KB) ( 7179 )   It has been demonstated that sperm DNA integrity，mainly caused by oxidative stress， abnormal package of chromatin and abortive apoptosis，have a negative relationship with some semen evaluation parameters such as concentration，motility and morphology，and could affect the potential of fertilization and embryonic development，the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology，and increase the risk of genetic disease for off鄄spring. Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa and sperm preparation techniques can influence the integrity of sperm DNA. This article briefly reviews the mechanism of sperm DNA damage， cryopreservation，sperm preparation techniques and the relationship of sperm DNA damage and ART. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Progress in the Insulin Resistance and Defects in Insulin Signaling Pathways in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ZHANG Yan-fang;HAN Yu-kun 2010, 29 (4):  288-291.  Abstract ( 2301 )   PDF (254KB) ( 7262 )   PI3K/AKT、MAPK/ERK cascades were two main cell signaling pathways of insulin effects, which served to regulate cell metabolism, survival and apoptosis. It was autospecific that the states of these two pathways in polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS）patients, which meaned defects in insulin signaling pathways and insulin resistance.There were lots of theories about insulin resistance in women with PCOS, including that insulin resistance in PCOS women metained pathway鄄selective, tissue-specific, intrinsic and（or）acquired and some special tissue remained insulin-sensitive despite the insulin-resistance in serum. The conditions of PI3K/ AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways in organs of PCOS patients differed from each other. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome WANG Hui;WEI Zhao-lian. 2010, 29 (4):  292-294.  Abstract ( 1917 )   PDF (194KB) ( 7117 )   Polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS）is a clinical syndrome with metabolic abnormity and endocrine disorder. At present the abnormal follicular growth and development, which cause the clinical metabolic and endocrine change of PCOS, was considered as the pathophysiologic basis. Anti-Mullerian hormone（AMH）, also known as Mullerian inhibiting substance（MIS）and belongs to transforming growth factors-β（TGF-β）superfamily, is expressed in the growth of follicles of ovarian granulosa cells and regulates the growth and development of follicles. AMH plays an important role in the initial recruitment and periodic recruitment of normal follicles. A number of studies have shown that the abnormal inherent growth and development of follicles in ovarian granulosa cells might be related to abnormal secretion of AMH, and in PCOS patients the abnormal increase of AMH might cause abnormal growth of follicles and ovulation disorder. The study on AMH may provide a new theoretical foundation for the pathogenesis of PCOS, as well as offer a new pathway for clinical diagnosis and treatment of PCOS. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Mechanism and Susceptibility of Hepatitis B Virus Vertical Transmission ZHOU Xu-ping;ZHU Yi-min 2010, 29 (4):  295-297.  Abstract ( 2845 )   PDF (220KB) ( 7147 )   Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted either horizontally or vertically among human beings and the latter is the major rout for HBV infection. Perinatal infection takes a great part in vertical transmission, which consists of transplacental transmission and transmission through germinal cells. Clinically, people use HBIG（hepatitis B immune globulin) and recombinant hepatitis B（rHB）vaccine in the prevention of vertical transmission if the expectant mother is positive of hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg）in serum, but the infection can not be prevented thoroughly. HBV DNA can either integrate or dissociate in sperm and oocyte chromosomes and infect the offsprings. The hepatitis B virus DNA load, virus variant and genic susceptibility to virus infection are now considered to be the risk factors for HBV vertical transmission. This review focuses on the mechanism and susceptibility of hepatitis B virus vertical transmission. Related Articles | Metrics

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PPRs and Gene Polymorphisms and Chlamydia Trachomatis-associated Tubal Factor Infertility ZHANG Jun-hua;XU Jian 2010, 29 (4):  298-301.  Abstract ( 2310 )   PDF (253KB) ( 7099 )   Chlamydia（C.）trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases. Due to the mostly asymptomatic course of infection，these women will most likely not be treated and have persistent C. trachomatis infections，which may increase the risk of tubal pathology and tubal factor infertility. Therefore，an adequate immune response is essential to clear the pathogen. Pattern recognition receptors（PRRs）of the toll- like receptor（TLR）and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain（NOD）families play a substantial role in recognizing C. trachomatis and initiating the immune response. Recent studies have shown the value of genetic trait in C. trachomatis-associated tubal factor infertility. Genetic variations in some PPRs and human leukocyte antigen and cytokine genes tend to increase the susceptibility，course and outcome of C. trachomatis infections. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship Between Elastic Fibers, Expression of Fibulin-5 and Lysyl Oxidase-like 1 and Pelvic Organ Prolapse ZHANG Jing;HUANG Xiang-hua 2010, 29 (4):  302-305.  Abstract ( 2472 )   PDF (237KB) ( 7129 )   Pelvic organ prolapse（POP）is strongly associated with damage in strutural and functional integrity of pelvic floor tissues. Collagen fibers and elastic fibers are the major components of connective tissue. Their metabolic abnormalities may be one of the pathogenesis of POP. Reduction of collagen fibers synthesis or inerease of degradation may lead to POP. Pelvic floor tissues are extremely rich in elastic fibers. It is important for reproductive tissues accommodate enormous expansion in pregnancy and involution after parturition. The study has that failure of elastic fiber homeostasis may be the basis of the etiology of POP. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Advances of Clinical Researches of Hysteroscopy in Diagnosis and Peritoneal Dissemination of Tumor Cell in Patients with Endometrial Carcinoma ZHANG Fu;LI Na;QU Peng-peng 2010, 29 (4):  306-308.  Abstract ( 2764 )   PDF (191KB) ( 7082 )   Hysteroscopy has been considered to be a gold standard for the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. Hysteroscopy and guided biopsy can be performed to accurate the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma by avoiding blinding curettage. Many studies report that diagnostic hysteroscopy didn’t increase the risk of positive peritoneal cytology，and also had no adverse effect on prognosis in endometrial cancer patients. This is a review about the diagnostic accuracy and advances of whether hysteroscopy could increase the risk of positive peritoneal cytology in endometrial cancer patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Sex-Linked Inheritance PEI Kai-yan. 2010, 29 (4):  309-311.  Abstract ( 2519 )   PDF (250KB) ( 7192 )   Sex linkage is the phenotypic expression of an allele that is related to the chromosomal sex of the individual. In humans, there are many more X-linked traits since there are many more genes on the X than on the Y. This paper highlights the genetic traits of three kinds of sex-linked inherited disease, X- linked dominant inherited disease, X-linked recessive inherited disease and Y-linked inherited disease, from a genetic perspective in order to improve awareness of the sex-linked inherited diseases. The prevalence of some genetic diseases would be reduced, and the population-based hereditary predisposition as well as quality would be improved by evaluation of recurrence risk of a genetic disease and genetic counseling. Related Articles | Metrics