Abstract: MicroRNAs（miRNAs） play important roles in many cellular events，such as proliferation, differentiation，apoptosis，survive and tumorigenesis by regulating expression of target genes at posttranscriptional level. Many miRNAs have been found in ovary, including miR-23a and miR-27a. miR-23a and miR-27a are members of the miR-23a~27a~24-2 super-family，induce apoptosis via caspase-dependent or caspase-independent pathways and endoplasmic reticulum stress. It was found that miR-23a and miR-27a were involved in many ovarian function and pathophysiology，including follicular development，hormone synthesis and secretion，premature ovarian failure and ovarian cancer. Many effects of miRNAs in ovarian function have been elucidated，which is helpful for new treatment options for sterility and other ovarian diseases. The functions of miR-23a and miR-27a in ovary were reviewed in this paper.

Key words: MicroRNAs, Follicle, Ovary, Premature ovarian failure, Ovarian neoplasms