Abstract: Non-coding microRNAs (microRNAs, miRNAs) are able to regulate the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level. Altered miRNA levels are associated with the pathological development of diabetes, insulin resistance, inflammation and various cancers. The miRNAs profiles express differently in the serum and follicular fluid of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Altered miRNA levels may participate in the development of PCOS. Here, we summarize the effects of miR-93, miR-222, miR-92a/b, miR-224, miR-320, miR-9, miR-483-5p, miR-513a-3p, miR-24, miR-133b, miR-26b and miR-378 in insulin resistance, steroid hormone synthesis and secretion, granule cell proliferation, follicular development dysplasia and ovulation disorder in PCOS patients, so as to explore the roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of PCOS.

Key words: MicroRNAs, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Insulin resistance, Gonadal steroid hormones