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15 January 2010, Volume 29 Issue 1
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4P Medicine in 21 Century and Reproductive Health WANG Yi-fei 2010, 29 (1):  2-4.  Abstract ( 2791 )   PDF (306KB) ( 7199 )   Recently medical science is undergoing a strategic paradigm shift with a significant mark—so-called “ Concept and Framework of 4P Medicine in 21 Century”, namely Personalized，Predictive，Preventive and Participatory Medicine. In order to reach our magnificent goal” Reproductive Health for All by 2015”, it is necessary to follow and implement the philosophy and practice of 4P medicine, making systematic investigation of various determinants of reproductive health, and developing a comprehensive reproductive heath care package of predictive , preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic services, as well as reproductive health education and promotion. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effects of Endometriosis Without Ovary Lesions on Ovarian Reserve Function ZHANG Rong;LIU Yu-sheng;TONG Xian-hong;LUO Li-hua;ZHOU Gui-xiang;LUAN Hong-bing;JI Jing-juan;ZHENG Sheng-xia 2010, 29 (1):  5-7.  Abstract ( 3043 )   PDF (471KB) ( 7234 )   Objective: To investigate the relationship between endometriosis without ovary lesions and ovarian reserve function. Methods：Retrospective analysis of 100 infertile women who underwent in vitro fertilization（IVF）from January 2007 to January 2009 in Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: group A contained 50 cases of endometriosis without ovary lesions diagnosed by laparoscopy, group B (control group) contained 50 cases of tubal obstruction. Serum FSH, LH, E2 hormone and antral follicular count (AFC) were measured on the day 3 of menses. Number of retrieved oocytes, embryo quality, cycle cancellation rate and clinical pregnancy rates were compared between two groups. Results： Compared to the control group, group A has higher levels of the basis FSH, FSH / LH ratio, E2 and Gn dosage, and cycle cancellation rate, but less AFC and retrieved oocytes,. The differences are statistically significant. Serum LHaccelerate hormone on the day 3 of menses, high-quality embryo rate and pregnancy rate are not different between two groups. Conclusion：Ovarian reserve failure can be accelerated by endometriosis. Women with endometriosis should be advised to conceive and give birth to a child as soon as possible, if necessary, the assisted reproductive technology maybe the best choice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of GAD Antibody in 73 Patients with PCOS LUO Hai-ning;ZHANG Yin-feng;XU Feng-qin;GAO Qi-xian 2010, 29 (1):  8-10.  Abstract ( 2760 )   PDF (564KB) ( 7241 )   Objective: to investigate the relationship between glucose metabolism and GADA in PCOS patients. Methods: Seventy-three PCOS patients who attended to our center from 2009-5 to 2009-10 are divided into 2 groups: group A has 35 patients whose glucose tolerance test are normal while group B has 38 patients whose glucose tolerance test are abnormal. The same 73 patients are divided again according to the GADA test: group C has 27 patients who are GADA positive while group D has 46 patients who are GADA negative. The differences of age, BMI, endocrine test, glucose and insulin releasing test and GADA results between group A, B and group C, D were compared. Results: Twenty-seven patients are the GADA positive and the positive rate is 36.9%. The BMI, FPG, 2h glucose and insulin releasing test in group B are higher than those in group A. Fasting insulin and GADA test in group B are higher than those in group A which showed no statistical differences. There are no differences of age, infertile time and endocrine test between group A, B and group C, D. Conclusion: Further research is needed to illustrate the relationship between PCOS and LADA even though the GADA is an effective index to diagnose the LADA. Related Articles | Metrics

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MicroRNA and Reproduction GUO Jing;DONG Min-yue 2010, 29 (1):  11-14.  Abstract ( 2245 )   PDF (419KB) ( 7245 )   microRNA, a class of noncoding RNA of approximately 19-25 nucleotides, which can regulate gene expression by binding to the region of 3’ UTR of the target mRNAs to degrade or suppress target genes, is a post-transcriptional regulation. At present, thousands of microRNAs have been identified successfully. It is demonstrated that microRNA play an important role in cellular proliferation and apoptosis, self-renewal, stem cell differentiation, as well as in the development of germ cell and embryo, the regulation of hormone secretion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Ovarian Germline Stem Cells LUO Xue-Zhen;LI Da-Jin 2010, 29 (1):  15-17.  Abstract ( 2949 )   PDF (496KB) ( 7327 )   Recent studies have shown that ovary may contain germline stem cells which have potential of self-renewal and differentiation. Germline stem cells can produce new oocytes and maintain primordial follicles. The studies aimed at exploring the isolation and culture of germline stem cells and the regulation of the differentiation of germline stem cells may throw light in our cognition of reproductive physiology, and provide new strategy in treatment of ovarian infertility and preservation of fertility of ovarian malignant cancer patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Heat Shock Protein in Male Reproduction ZHU Ye-min;DING Zhi-de 2010, 29 (1):  18-21.  Abstract ( 3508 )   PDF (543KB) ( 7518 )   Heat Shock Protein (HSP) is one kind of cell chaperone protein generated when cell occurs a heat shock reaction after being stimulated by stressors. During the cell differentiation and proliferation, HSPs are involved in the processes of protein folding, assembly, transport and other activities which play an important role in cell growth and survival. In the field of mammalian male reproduction, HSP family participates in a series of activities such as spermatogenesis, sperm capacitation, sperm-egg binding and fertilization. Thus, to investigate the biological function of HSP family in male reproduction will not only elucidate the mechanism of male infertility but also further regulate male reproduction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Hydrosapinx on Endometrial Receptivity CHENG Fang;CAI Xia 2010, 29 (1):  22-25.  Abstract ( 3596 )   PDF (560KB) ( 7423 )   IVF/ET is a better alternative to those patients with severe distal tubal disease. However, the presence of hydrosalpinx has a negative effect on IVF/ET by decreasing the pregnancy rates and implantation rates compared with patients undergoing IVF/ET for tubal disease without hydrosalpinx. The hydrosalpingeal fluid has been demonstrated to be embryotoxic to developing embryos. Poor endometrial receptivity has also been demonstrated in the presence of hydrosalpinges. This article reviewed the latest progress of hydrosalpinx on endometrial receptivity from two aspects: ultrasonic parameters and molecular biological parameters . Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effect and Mechanism of Bisphenol A on the Reproductive System QIN Ding-xia;CUI Yu-gui;LIU Jia-yin 2010, 29 (1):  26-29.  Abstract ( 3613 )   PDF (570KB) ( 8145 )   Bisphenol A (Bisphenol A, BPA) is one of the phenolic environmental estrogens, exposured to doses of BPA would have certain impact on the organism, including the reproductive system, embryonic development, central nervous system, the occurrence of tumors etc. Especially on the reproductive system, BPA may act on the male mammal,such as gonadal dysgenesis, decrease in the number of sperm etc.At the same time, BPA may act on the female mammals ,changed the morphology and function of vagina, uterus, ovary etc.The effect of BPA on the reproductive system through several pathways,BPA may play a role through the following ways: estrogen nuclear receptor and membrane receptor、estrogen-related receptor、the hypothalamus - pituitary - gonadal axis. This paper reviewed bisphenol A on the reproductive system and its possible mechanism . Related Articles | Metrics

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The Birth Outcome of the Assisted Reproduced Technologies WANG Xue;ZHEN Jing-ran;YU Qi;SUN Zheng-yi 2010, 29 (1):  30-33.  Abstract ( 3038 )   PDF (557KB) ( 7355 )   The assisted reproductive technology, which mainly included in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET) and intracytoplasmic single sperm injection(ICSI), has been the effective methods to the treatment of the infertility. But little is known about the health of children born after ART. This review summarizes what is known about the health of children born after ART and identifies outstanding issues of concern and areas for future surveillance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Continuous Administration of Combined Oral Contraceptives Zhou Jing;Leizhen-wu 2010, 29 (1):  34-37.  Abstract ( 2350 )   PDF (566KB) ( 7388 )   It is devecoping gradually for the research and application of continuous administration of combined oral contraceptives was developed according to the demand of women which has different dosing regimens and days of extended use. It showed some advantages of continuous administration including better efficacy of contraception，improvement of pre-menstrual syndrome，treatment of endometriosis-related dysmenorrhea andpelvic pain and melioration ofmood.In themeantime, ithaslessbleeding,noabnormalendometrialfindings, low-risk thrombosis,normal parameters of thyroid hormones, androgen and hemostasis and no increasing side effects.Furtherattention mustbe paid. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of PAPP鄄A on Down’s Syndrome Screening at the Early Pregnancy HUANG Xing;LUO Xin 2010, 29 (1):  38-40.  Abstract ( 3679 )   PDF (565KB) ( 7443 )   Down’s Syndrome, which also named Trisomy 21，is the first discovered and the most common autosomal disease in human being. It is with serious harm and high incidence of abiogenesis. It has an important significancefor prenatal screening. Pregnancy assoociated plasmaprotein A(PAPP-A) is an effective maternal serum markers of Down’s syndrome screening at the early pregnancy, and the effect of the single detection is equal to or better than the other serum markers. The best combination of the double-detection is PAPP-A+β-hCG. The multiple-detection with NT improved obviously, and PAPP-A is the most promising index of Down’s syndrome screening at the early pregnancy. At present, the main screening index is only for the single-pregnancy, and the screening index of twin pregnancy is lack of a unified, common value standards which need to be improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Estrogen and Its Receptor with Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion MA Li;YANG Xue-feng 2010, 29 (1):  41-44.  Abstract ( 2773 )   PDF (588KB) ( 7266 )   The Cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is complicated, and almost 50% of RSA unexplained. The imbalance between T helper cell type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) is the key character of the RSA. Estrogen and its receptor may affect the function of T cell through the way of gene and the fast signal reaction path, then affect the dynamic balance of Thl/Th2 cell factor，eventually cause the RSA. The low expression of estrogen acceptor in the villi and decidual tissues may cause the RSA. We analyse the function of estrogen receptor and T cell, especially focused on the estrogen receptor to find the cause of RSA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Study of Nerve Growth Factor and Its Receptors on Mechanism of Endometriosis Pain TONG Jin-yi;ZHANG Xin-mei;LIN Jun 2010, 29 (1):  45-47.  Abstract ( 2619 )   PDF (640KB) ( 7406 )   Endometriosis, as a commonly encountered disease, has a serious effect on women’s physical and mental health. The primary symptom is pelvic pain , but the mechanisms of pain are still unclear. Recent studies showed that nerve growth factor (NGF) can promote neural cell proliferation and differentiation, induce the expression and release of neuropeptides and increase the number of sensory neurons through binding nerve cell receptor. It may be play an important role in endometriosis pain and hyperalgesia. NGF and its receptors on mechanism of endometriosis pain will be briefly reviewed in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Applications of Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System in Non-contraceptive Field LI Gai-ling;SHI Hui-rong 2010, 29 (1):  48-51.  Abstract ( 2646 )   PDF (663KB) ( 7217 )   LNG-IUS is a kind of T shaped stent that carries a reservoir containing levonorgestrel,which mainly exhibits progestational activity in the uterine cavity. Besides providing long-term effective and reversible contraceptive effects, LNG-IUS also has definite effects in menorrhagia and endometrial protection during HRT. In addition ,studies have shown that LNG-IUS also has favourable therapeutic effects in endometriosis, adenomyosis, uterine fibroids and endometrial hyperplasia, ect. The most common side effects of LNG-IUS are irregular vaginal bleeding and the occurrence of benign ovarian cysts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the Research of Gynecology Oncology of Gastrin-releasing Peptide Receptor ZHENG Dan;TAN Wen-hua;WEI Hong-lin;NIU Ming-gang 2010, 29 (1):  52-55.  Abstract ( 2382 )   PDF (659KB) ( 7124 )   GRPR（ gastrin-releasing peptide receptor） as a G protein-coupled receptor is one of the BLP（bombesin-like peptide）family. Because of the important growth effect in tumor tissues, GRPR is much concerned by scholars. Studies have shown that GRPR plays an important role during the occurrence, development and infiltration in various human tumors. With constant deep studies, the GRPR’s applications are increasingly widespread on the early detection, diagnosis and treatment in Gynecologic Oncology. This paper reviewed the structure of GRPR, the signal transduction pathway in tumor cells, the physiological functions, the role of it , as well as the research status in diagnosis and treatment of Gynecologic Oncology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Development about Robotic-assisted Gynecologic Surgery MA Si-ning;XU Cong-jian 2010, 29 (1):  56-58.  Abstract ( 2778 )   PDF (676KB) ( 7208 )   Minimally invasive surgery which began in 1980s has become an important part in the field of gynecologic tumor surgery. However, counterintuitive hand-movement, two-dimensional visualization and limited degrees of instrument motion that makes conservative laparoscopic surgery unable to meet every patient’s needs. Robotic-assisted surgery carries with its advantages. Clinical research compared the value and outcomes of robotic-assisted gynecologic surgery, conservative laparoscopic gynecologic surgery and laparotomy. With advanced system and three-dimensional visualization, through long-curve training as well as practising with instruments, more gynecologic authorities and surgeons become familiar with this new technology. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of Laminaria to Expand and Ripen Cervical Canal Before Surgical Abortion ZOU Yan;WU Shang-chun 2010, 29 (1):  59-61.  Abstract ( 2720 )   PDF (648KB) ( 7566 )   Some of the women who will experience surgical abortion were found the poor flexibility of cervices， so adequate cervical preparation before surgical abortion is necessary. Adequate cervical preparation can reduce the difficulty of surgical operations and reduce the incidence of cervical injuries markedly. There are many cervical dilation methods. One of the methods is osmotic dilators such as laminaria， made of natural seaweed. When the laminaria is placed into the cervical canal， it will absorb water of the cervical secretions and expand gradually. At the same time， cervical canal will be expanded and ripened softly. Many studies have shown that laminaria can achieve a good role to expand cervical canal abortion before surgical abortion and its effectiveness maybe superior to drugs such as mifepristone， the metal dilators and synthetic osmotic dilators. The evidences have also shown that the laminaria does not increase uterine perforation， infection，anaphylaxis and other adverse reactions. Cervical dilatation method，including laminaria，must be used for those women who really need and also must be informed- choice by the women themselves to avoid unnecessary waiting time and additional medical burden. Related Articles | Metrics