Table of Content

15 March 2010, Volume 29 Issue 2
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The Building and Progress of Reproductive Health and Family Planning Integrated Counseling Capacityin China WU Jun-qing;LI Yu-yan;SHI Yuan-ming;WU Shang-chun 2010, 29 (2):  65-68.  Abstract ( 3005 )   PDF (277KB) ( 7131 )   Since ICPD in 1994 and World Conference on Women in 1995，the broader reproductive health was concerned by the international society. The project of reproductive health and family planning counseling capacity building was introduced to China on the year of 2004. Training of integrated sexual and reproductive health counseling skills and training capacity were conducted in 5 areas from 2005. And training curriculums named Sexual and Reproductive Health Integrated Counseling Skills Trainer’s Manual and Participant’s Handbook were published.“People-oriented”，“Neutral Value”，“Talking about Sex Sincerity” and “Integrated Counseling”are the 4 principles of the integrated counseling. Two frameworks and five skills are also be used for the integrated counseling. Participatory training is more effective approach. Those would be expanded in the field of reproductive health & family planning. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Research of the Relationship Between the CREM Gene Mutation and the IdiopathicSpermatogenesis Impairment WANG Jiong;JIA Shu-hua;CHEN Yun-xia;WU Yan-jun;MIAO Cong-xiu;WANG Gai-qin 2010, 29 (2):  69-71.  Abstract ( 2870 )   PDF (204KB) ( 7354 )   Objective：To research the relationship between the cyclic AMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) gene mutation and the idiopathic permatogenesis impairment in male infertility. Methods：The peripheral bloods were collected from 20 patients with azoospermia and 20 patients with serious oligospermia. The peripheral bloods of 20 volunteers with normal fertility were collected as control group. The CREM gene of patients with the idiopathic spermatogenesis impairment was detected by collecting the DNA of the peripheral blood, PCR amplification and single-strand conformation polymorphism. Results：65% of the patients with azoospermia and 55% of the patients with serious oligospermia had the CREM gene mutation. Conclusion：CREM gene plays an important role in the process of sperm development for humans. CREM gene is involved in human spermatogenesis occurrence. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Studies on the Effect of Endogenous Carbon Monoxide in Reproductive System CHI Yan;XIONG Cheng-liang;GU Yu-chun 2010, 29 (2):  72-74.  Abstract ( 2205 )   PDF (206KB) ( 7244 )   Endogenous CO is mainly produced by enzymatic heme metabolism. This metabolism is catalyzed by heme oxygenase. It is an important gas-molecule in the body as well as NO. Endogenous carbon monoxide exerts its biological effects in many systems. Such as cardiovascular system, nervous system and digestive system. It also plays an important role in reproductive system. In female reproductive system，HO/CO can not only affect normal course of the estrous cycle, parturition and lactation，but also contribute to ueterine quiescence during pregnancy. In male reproductive system, HO/CO can protect the testicular tissue via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. In addition, these protective effects will become the new and hot spot in reproductive system research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Aquaporins and Embryo Implantation LI Ya-qiong;HE Rong-huan;HUANG He-feng 2010, 29 (2):  75-77.  Abstract ( 2441 )   PDF (182KB) ( 7196 )   Aquaporins as the selective channels of water and some other small molecules are widely distributed in mammalian reproductive systems. It has been suggested that aquaporins are involved in mammalian reproductive processes, such as follicle development, blastula formation, embryo implantation, regulation of amniotic fluid volume, and so on. A series of changes have taken place in expression and localization of aquaporins in endometrium and blastula, which means aquaporins play an important role during the processes of blastula formation and embryo implantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of Wnt Signaling and Regulatory Factor Dkk in Endometrial Receptivity LIU Chun-xi;SU Ying-chun;SUN Ying-pu 2010, 29 (2):  78-80.  Abstract ( 2227 )   PDF (189KB) ( 7114 )   Wnt singaling path ways play important role in various processes such as fetal development tumorigenesis and homeostasis. Wnt signaling related genes exhibit spatiotemporal expression in the uterus during mouse peri-implantation and that they are tightly regulated by critical implantation-related genes, such as LIF and HOXA-10. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, which has been proven to participate in tumorigenesis and early embryo development. Dkk（Dickkopf）family plays an critical role in embryo implantation by mediating Wnt signaling and induce the change in endometrial receptivity in space-time specificitily. Wnt signaling and Dkk are very critical factor in endometrium during the peri-implantation period. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Isolation and In鄄vitro Growth of Preantral Follicles GAO Hong;SUN Ying-pu 2010, 29 (2):  81-84.  Abstract ( 2287 )   PDF (209KB) ( 7142 )   The mammalian ovary contains considerable preantral follicles which maybe the resources of large number of mature and fertilized oocytes to be developed and utilized has become a hot spot the current study. Research on the isolation and in vitro growth of the preantral follicles not only for women of reproductive insurance, but also to investigate oocyte development and apoptosis mechanisms in the cellular and molecular level, which would achieve the establishment of human eggs to provide experimental basis for the Treasury. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Arguments of Laparoscopy and Assisted Reproductive Techniques in Diagnosis and Treatment of Infertility YIN Ping;GU Wei-wen 2010, 29 (2):  85-88.  Abstract ( 2876 )   PDF (217KB) ( 7281 )   Female infertility is the main cause of infertility including tubal factors， endometriosis， ovary disorder and unexplained matters. To diagnose and treat female infertility is very important exduding. Laparoscopy plays a great role in diagnosis and treatment for female infertility，however，it's been challenged and suspected with the development of ART. There’re lots of complex factors but different opinions on diagnosis and treatment of infertility exist. The purpose of this review is to summarize and analyze the existed debates of the two approaches in diagnosis and treatment of infertility caused by different factors. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effect and Mechanism of Perinatal Brain Damage on Nervous System after Birth ZHU Hao;LI Xiao-tian 2010, 29 (2):  89-91.  Abstract ( 3746 )   PDF (193KB) ( 7402 )   Prenatal brain damage is the results of coaction of many factors，which can induce pathological action of central nervous system and neuropathological changes. Those infants and children may have deficiencies or disorders of learning and memory，behavior and movement audio-visual ability and congnition after birth. The mechanism of perinatal brain damage on neurological development after birth is unidentified yet. It could be related to pathophysiologic changes of cerebral tissue，unbalance of receptors and receptor-related channels of nervous system and malajustment of cerebral cytokines：decrease of cerebral cell，injury of cerebral white matter，decrease of the weight of hippocampal area and overload of endocellular calcium, which are the main pathophysilolgic changes of cerebral tissue; the expression of NMDA receptor，dopamine receptor and glucocorticoid receptor may change; cerebral cytokines and BDNF may have unbalanced environment, and abnormal elevated levels of NSE at birth as well as progressive increase of PS-100 could be found in the newborns during the first week of life. Related Articles | Metrics

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Roles of Liver X Receptors on Lipogenesis and Adipogenesis LI Jing;SUN Ying-pu 2010, 29 (2):  92-95.  Abstract ( 3096 )   PDF (192KB) ( 7199 )   Liver X receptors （LXRs）are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. They can enhance the de novo lipogenesis through the activation of sterol response element binding protein-1c（SREBP-1c）. Moreover, LXRs have a close correlation with adipogenesis, since their activation may have participated in the process of preadipocyte differentiation. This article reviews the molecular mechanism by which the LXRs act to influence lipogenesis and adipogenesis, thus to give a clue on researches of adipocyte differentiation in embryonic stem cell. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship Between Maternal Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus LV Xiao-juan;CHEN Dan-qing 2010, 29 (2):  96-98.  Abstract ( 2090 )   PDF (170KB) ( 7152 )   Gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM）is defined as glucose intolerance of various degrees that is first detected during pregnancy and developed from progressive insulin resistance that begins near mid-pregnancy which maybe associated with increased secretion of adipocytokine. Most studies recently reveal that obesity is a risk factor of developing GDM and perinatal outcomes will be influenced by materal body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy. Women with GDM are at high risk for progressing to diabetes after pregnancy and their offspring also are more likely to developing obesity and abnormal glucose metabolism. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Advance in the Study on SHBG and Insulin Resistant JIANG Wen-ying;CHEN Dan-qing 2010, 29 (2):  99-101.  Abstract ( 2836 )   PDF (167KB) ( 7172 )   Sex hormone binding globulin（SHBG）is a glycoprotein secreted by the liver that binds sex steroids in the circulation. In humans，SHBG binds and transports the biologically most important androgens and estrogens in the blood，and regulates the access of these steroids to their targets tissues. The SHBG is down-egulated by insulin and low SHBG level is associated with insulin resistant. SHBG concentration is changed by age and menstrual cycles，and the relationship of SHBG and insulin resistant is different in people. SHBG has a association with a variety of insulin resistant conditions including diabetes mellitus， polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolis syndrome. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Growth Differentiation Factor鄄9, Follicular Development and Premature OvarianFailure LI Shuang;CHAI Shu-juan;XIA Tian;XIA Yang 2010, 29 (2):  102-104.  Abstract ( 2897 )   PDF (193KB) ( 7138 )   Growth differentiation factor-9 is an important oocyte-derived growth factor. It plays an important role in the process of promoting oocyte growth and differentiation，granulose cell proliferation， cumulus expansion and inhibitting granulose cell and follicular membrane cell differentiation. Premature ovarian failure is a complex disease that has no clear pathogenesis and effective treatment methods. Present studies show that the reduction of follicular number，the acceleration of follicular depletion and the insensitive to the follicular stimulating hormone are the primary causes of the premature ovarian failure. Growth differentiation factor-9 participates in these processes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of Anti-mullerian Hormone and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome LUO Xiao-yan;WANG Rui 2010, 29 (2):  105-108.  Abstract ( 2133 )   PDF (258KB) ( 7180 )   Anti-mulerian hormone （AMH）is produced in the ovary by the granulose cells（GC）surrounding preantral and small antral follicles stage. AMH can be used for assessing ovarian reserve,predicting peri-menopausal period，and involving folliculogenesis. It also can be used for evaluating the effect of ART. It has been suggested that AMH would inhibit the initiation of primordial follicle growth and FSH- induced follicle growth. In recent years, the correlation between AMH and PCOS became important. It maybehelp to explain pathogenesy and assess diagnostic efficacy and therapeutic efficacy in PCOS patient. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Role of Survivin in the Endometriosis LIU Guang-shen;WU Rui-jin;LIN Jun 2010, 29 (2):  109-111.  Abstract ( 2344 )   PDF (184KB) ( 7104 )   Survivin is a newly discovered inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in recent years，which has a relationship with cell proliferation and cell division，it always expressed in malignant tumors and embryonic tissues but not expressed or weakly expressed in normal adult differentiated tissues. Although Endometriosis （EMs）is a benign disease，it has some malignant biological behaviors. Research suggests that survivin may plays an important role in the occurrence and development of EMs.In this paper，we reviewed its biological characteristics and the role in EMs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases Signaling Pathway and Endometriosis MA Yao-mei;WANG Ying-hong 2010, 29 (2):  112-115.  Abstract ( 2582 )   PDF (199KB) ( 7125 )   Endometriosis is a common disease of women of reproductive age. The invasive implantation of ectopic endometrium is a complicated procedure, which involves in multiple factors and a few signaling pathways and mitogen activated protein kinase（MAPK）signaling pathway plays the important role. Ectopic endometrium implants and grows on the surface of pelvic organs and followed with bleeding, inflammation and immunifaction and the reaction is steroid-dependent. MAPK signaling pathway makes a difference on stimulating endometriotic stromal cell proliferation, stimulating production of inflammatory factor and neovascularization. Also, it makes T helper （Th）cells drift from Th1 to Th2, and makes the ectopic endometrium implant and grow through immune escaping. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Progress of Animal Models in Adenomyosis RAO Yan-yan;XIANG Shuang-wei 2010, 29 (2):  116-119.  Abstract ( 2887 )   PDF (210KB) ( 7581 )   Adenomyosis is the benign invasion of endometrial glands and stroma located haphazardly and deep within the myometrium. It is a common disease occured in women who are more than 40 years old. The symptoms ascribed to human adenomyosis which shows pain and abnormal bleeding. At present, the pathogenesis of adenomyosis is not completely clear and lack of effective treatment method. It is important to use animal models to the research of the disease. Adenomyosis occurs spontaneously with a variable incidence in a number of animal species. Its incidence in mice can be markedly enhanced by medicine and surgery. The mechanisms of the adenomyosis is unclear. The types of animal models and their application are reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Impact of Surgery for Stress Urinary Incontinence on Sexual Function WEI Qing;CAO Yun-gui 2010, 29 (2):  120-122.  Abstract ( 2878 )   PDF (182KB) ( 7120 )   Biotic and synthetic tapes and meshes，such as tension-free vaginal tape，transobturator suburethral tape and transobturator tape and so on，are always used for surgery of stress urinary incontinence to repair the damaged ligament or to reinforce the function of pelvic floor muscle tissue. But there is no unified opinion about their impact on sexual health. This article will make a review about the impact on sexual function according to the resent research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances of Cancer Stem Cells and Ovarian Cancer ZHANG Li-na;ZHAO Wei-dong 2010, 29 (2):  123-126.  Abstract ( 2750 )   PDF (259KB) ( 7076 )   In recent years，cancer stem cells theory and study attracted people's attention. The theory that the cancer stem cells are the root causes of malignant tumors occurrence，resistance，recurrence and metastasis，and lead to targeted cancer treatment failure eventually being difficult to cure. The biggest obstacle to the treatment of ovarian cancer is the the emergence of drug resistance of tumor cells. It has the great significance for cancer stem cell research to solve the high-malignant tumors such as ovarian cancer drug resistance and relapse problems. At present，ovarian cancer stem cells have been successfully isolated and identificated，however, the research on the ovarian cancer stem cells is still in the primary stage. This paper provides an overview of the characteristics and isolation and identification methods of ovarian cancer stem cells from the perspective of cancer stem cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluate the Outcome of Early Pregnancy on Space Time and Interfere It Propely JIN Li 2010, 29 (2):  127-130.  Abstract ( 2588 )   PDF (208KB) ( 7051 )   It is very important to know how to use ultrasound，serial β-hCG and progesterone to observe the development of early pregnancy to diagnose the position and quality of pregnancy in the early stage in order to interfere properly and reduce the complications. Related Articles | Metrics