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15 November 2017, Volume 36 Issue 6
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Effect of GOLPH3 Expression in Granulosa Cells on the Apoptosis of Ovarian Granulosa Cells and the Developmental Potential of Oocyte ZHANG Yan, LIN Yuan, LIN Dian-liang, SUN Yan, DU Sheng-rong 2017, 36 (6):  445-450.  Abstract ( 1209 )   PDF (1595KB) ( 8774 )   Objective：To evaluate the effect of golgi phosphoprotein 3(GOLPH3) on the apoptosis of granulosa cell and the development potential of oocyte. Methods: A total of 80 women receiving IVF-ET due to tubal factors during the period from May 2016 to April 2017 were enrolled in the study. There were 40 cases in the clinical pregnancy group and 40 cases in the non-pregnant group according to the pregnancy outcome. The expression levels of GOLPH3, Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 protein were determined by immunocytochemistry staining and Western blotting, while the expression levels of mRNAs were quantified by real-time PCR assay. Results: GOLPH3, Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 were all expressed in granulosa cells at various levels. There were significant differences in the expressions of GOLPH3, Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 in granulosa cells between the pregnant group and the non-pregnant group(P＜0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the expression of GOLPH3 in granulosa cells was strongly positively correlated with the expression of Bcl-2 protein(P＜0.001), negatively correlated with the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 protein(both P values＜0.001), and strongly positively correlated with the numbers of high-quality embryo, blastocyst and available embryo(all P＜0.001). Conclusions: The expression level of GOLPH3 in granulosa cells may play an important role in regulating the apoptosis of granulosa cells through Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 signal pathways, and the developmental potential of oocyte. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expressions of AhR and CYP1A1 Protein in Chorionic and Decidual Tissues of Unexplained Embryonic Diapauses and Its Significance WANG Yun-feng，LIAN Li-fen，HOU Hai-yan，LIANG Jing，CHEN Jun，CHEN Ya-qiong，DONG Qu-long 2017, 36 (6):  451-453.  Abstract ( 1202 )   PDF (1483KB) ( 8842 )   Objective：To test the expressions of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) protein in the chorionic and decidual tissues of embryonic diapause. Methods：30 cases of early unexplained embryonic diapauses (the study group) and 30 cases of induced abortion in normal early pregnancy (the control group) were selected. The expression levels of AhR and CYP1A1 in the chorionic tissues and decidual tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method. Results：The study group had significantly high expression of AhR protein in the chorionic tissues (0.58±0.03, P＜0.01) and the decidual tissues (0.56±0.03, P＜0.01) when compared with the control group (0.25±0.04, 0.26±0.04). Meanwhile, the study group had significantly high expression of CYP1A1 protein in the chorionic tissues (0.60±0.01, P＜0.01) and the decidual tissues (0.57±0.01, P＜0.01) when compared with the control group (0.22±0.03, 0.24±0.03). Conclusions：The increased expressions of AhR and CYP1A1 protein in the chorionic and decidual tissues may be related to the pathogenesis of embryonic diapauses. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Tests in Infants Who Failed to Pass the Neonatal Hearing Screening LI Tian-jie，LIANG Jian-mei，WANG Xiang-dong，WANG Qing-ze，FENG Ji-zhen 2017, 36 (6):  454-456.  Abstract ( 1602 )   PDF (754KB) ( 8857 )   Objective：To analyze the mutations of common deafness genes in the newborns from Shijiazhuang City who failed to pass the hearing screening, so as to explore the clinical significance of the deafness genes detection. Methods: 134 newborns who failed to pass the hearing screening of OAE and AABR when 42 days were tested the common genes related with deafness, including GJB2 (235delC, 299-300delAT), SLC26A4 (IVS7-2A＞G, 2168A＞G) and mtDNA12SrRNA (1494C＞T, 1555A＞G). Results: 22 infants carried mutations, and the carrier rate was 16.42%. There were 2 homogeneous and 10 heterozygous mutations of 235delC, and one 235delC/299-300delAT compound heterozygous. Also, there were 2 homogeneous and 6 heterozygous mutations of IVS7-2A＞G, and one IVS7-2A＞G/2168A＞G compound heterozygous. Conclusions: The test of common deafness genes is helpful to diagnose and intervent early the sensorineural deafness in children, suggesting its important clinical significance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of a Variety of Carriers in Cryopreservation of Rare Human Sperm WU Bin, RAN Dan, WANG Juan, MENG Xiang-qian, ZHOU Hong-gui 2017, 36 (6):  457-462.  Abstract ( 1237 )   PDF (889KB) ( 8743 )   Objective：To assess the application of a variety of cryopreservation carriers in the cryopreservation of rare human sperm. Methods: We searched the Pubmed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Willey Online Library, CNKI, VIP, WanFang databases for those relevant studies on the cryopreservation of rare human sperm up to December of 2016. The quality of the included studies was assessed according to Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS). A standardized data extraction sheet was developed. Results: Identified total of 31 non-random experimental studies were identified, including 13 cryopreservation carriers used for rare human sperm. The recovery rate of sperm varied widely from 59% to 100%, and the average survival rate was 73.7%. The frozen-thawed sperm was subsequently used clinically via intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in nine studies, and the fertilization rates were in the range of 18%~71%. Embryo transfer (ET) was performed in five studies, and 3 cases of healthy live births was reported. Conclusions: To date, there is not an ideal cryopreservationcarrier for rare human sperm in clinical practice. It is necessary to have the controlled multicenter trial to evaluate furtherly the effectiveness of those cryopreservation carriers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of Factitial Panniculitis with Ruyijinhuang Pulvis：A Clinical Observation SU Li-rong，ZHANG Yan，LI Rong，YANG Shuo 2017, 36 (6):  463-465.  Abstract ( 1735 )   PDF (764KB) ( 8776 )   Objective：To observe the clinical efficacy of Ruyijinhuang Pulvis in treatment of facititial panniculitis following intramuscular injection of progesterone. Methods：Using cohort study, 63 facititial panniculitis patients in line with inclusive criteria were randomly assigned to the treatment group (treated with Ruyijinhuang Pulvis, 31 cases) and the control group (treated with Magnesium sulfate, 30 cases), 2 cases dropped. These facititial panniculitis were followed by the progesterone treatment during their in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET) or frozen embryo transfer(FET) cycles. Scored symptoms of facititial panniculitis (tissue swelling, induration and rash) were observed before and after treatment. The data was analyzed by SPSS 18.0. Results：All patients were treated for 3 courses of treatment. The therapeutic effect at the end of each course was compared between two groups. There was significant difference in the total therapeutic effect between two groups (Z values were -4.064, -2.965 and -4.554 for three courses, all P＜0.05). Conclusions：Ruyijinhuang Pulvis could significantly improve clinical symptom of facititial panniculitis and promote the recovery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pregnancy by ICSI Using the Sperm with Fibrous Sheath Dysplasia: A Case Report ZHOU Shi-min，LIU Neng-hui，WU Ling-qian 2017, 36 (6):  466-469.  Abstract ( 1618 )   PDF (1030KB) ( 8779 )   The dysplasia of sperm fibrous sheath (DFS) is a rare disease that is characterized by severe abnormality of sperm movement and flagella morphology. The ultrastructure observation can find the typical abnormality of sperm fibrous sheath and axial filament assembly. We recently got a successful pregnancy of DFS by intracytoplasmic single sperm injection (ICSI). In this case, the sperm selected by HOST method was used in ICSI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Computer-Based Auto-Verification System in Adverse Event Reports of Intrauterine Device CHEN Ying, ZHANG Min, LIN Jie, ZHOU Jian, XU Ning, XU Hao-qin 2017, 36 (6):  470-473.  Abstract ( 1395 )   PDF (804KB) ( 8701 )   Objective：To evaluate the effectiveness of the computer-based auto-verification system in the adverse event reports of intrauterine device (IUD), so as to provide suggestion and improve this system. Methods: 5% samples from 6 520 adverse event reports of intrauterine device collected by SCARS from January to May of 2017 were selected and scored. Results: In this assessment, the reports auto-verificated by computer were 45.83% of the total reports. 339 cases including various types of adverse events were collected and evaluated, with an average score of (97.01±4.20). Most of the reports lost scores in the part of adverse event evaluation. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop a computer-based auto-verification system for the increasing number of intrauterine device adverse event reports. It could be widely applied with improved and perfect function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Long-term Effect of Gestational Hypertension and Pre-eclampsia on Kidney Function HUANG Zan-yi，LI Xue-jiao 2017, 36 (6):  474-476.  Abstract ( 1500 )   PDF (815KB) ( 8700 )   Objective：To assess the long-term effect of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia on the renal function. Methods: Retrospective study were designed in those primipara, including 3 583 cases of gestational hypertension (GH group), 811 cases of pre-eclampsia (PE group) and 10 457 cases of normotensive (the control group), from January 2013 to August 2015. The occurrence rates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hospital admission related to kidney diseases within two years of follow-up visit were compared. Results: The rates of CKD in the PE group, GH group and the control group were 7.5% (61/811), 5.2% (188/3 583) and 3.9% (405/10 457), respectively. The unadjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of CKD were 2.02 (95%CI: 1.53~2.67) in the PE group and 1.37 (95%CI: 1.15-1.64) in the GH group. This ratio was then adjusted for age and year at delivery, BMI, degree of education and smoking status in present study. The adjusted odds ratios were 1.92 (95%CI: 1.45-2.56) and 1.36 (95%CI: 1.14-1.63) in two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk ratio of CKD in the PE group was higher than that in the GH group. The risk ratios of CKD and the rates of renal disease admission in the PE group and GH group were higher than those in the control group. Conclusions: The risk of CKD was increased in those women undergone GH and PE, while CKD was diagnosed earlier. Related Articles | Metrics

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Phospholipase C-zeta and Male Infertility CHEN Xin, DIAO Hong-lu, ZHANG Chang-jun, DENG Kai 2017, 36 (6):  477-481.  Abstract ( 1758 )   PDF (820KB) ( 8857 )   Oocytes activation is the first step of embryonic development, which is triggered by a series of cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) oscillations in mammals. Sperm-egg fusion initiates these Ca2+ oscillations by introducing a sperm-specific protein factor into oocytes cytoplasm. This protein factor has been indiated to be sperm-specific phospholipase C (PLC), termed PLC-zeta (PLCζ). Moreover, increasing clinical evidence revealed that some types of male infertility could be related with the aberrant expression of PLCζ and its localization, structure and function in human sperm. PLCζ can be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic indicator of male infertility. Microinjection of recombinant human PLCζ protein could thus provide an efficient biological solution for inducing artificial activation of oocytes. This review is about the PLCζ and oocytes activation, the PLCζ expression and localization pattern, and male infertility, and advance of PLCζ in the clinical applications of male infertility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Technology CHEN Yi-li, YAO Shu-zhong 2017, 36 (6):  482-487.  Abstract ( 2593 )   PDF (1123KB) ( 11016 )   While the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology has been continuously improved and reformed in recent years, it has been gradually replaced zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technology as the third generation gene editing technology with wide application prospect. CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been widely used in the cellular gene editing and gene regulation, gene knockout animal models construction and the human disease treatment research based on animal models. In addition, related experiments have already confirmed that this technology can play a role in gene editing of human embryos. There are two CRISPR/Cas9 clinical trials at present. It is worth looking forward to be applied in clinical targeted therapy. In this paper, the basic structure, the principle of action and potential application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology are briefly reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Orphan Nuclear Receptor NR4A1 Regulating Apoptosis via Mitochondria-related Mechanisms ZHU Qing, DIAO Fei-yang, LIU Jia-yin 2017, 36 (6):  488-491.  Abstract ( 1842 )   PDF (821KB) ( 9094 )   NR4A1, one of orphan nuclear receptors, is involved in cell survival and apoptosis. Studies about subcellular localization showed that NR4A1 was mainly localized in nucleus as a nuclear transcript factor. Besides, NR4A1 was also found in cytoplasm, especially in mitochondria, which mediated cell function via the mitochondria-related mechanisms. In nucleus, NR4A1 acted as a nuclear factor promoting cell proliferation, while in cytoplasm, NR4A1 promoted apoptosis and autophagy directly or indirectly through mitochondria-related signaling pathways. Researches about NR4A1 involving in cell apoptosis and autophagy were reviewed in this study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Genetic Etiology of 46, XY Female Disorder of Sex Development LIU He，WU Qing-hua，SHI Hui-rong 2017, 36 (6):  492-497.  Abstract ( 1638 )   PDF (997KB) ( 8884 )   46, XY female disorder of sex development (46, XY DSD)， a rare genetic disease, includes two subtypes according to its possible mechanism: gonadal dysgenesis and androgen synthesis defect or dysfunction according to its possible mechanisms. The genetic background is complex, in which a variety of genetic factors are involved. The gonadal dysgenesis is related to many genes such as SRY, WT1, SF1, SOX9, DAX-1 or DMRT1. Gene mutations in other genes such as CYP17A1 and SRD5A2 may cause abnormal enzymes involved in androgen synthesis. Androgen dysfunction is mainly associated with the AR gene. Clinical manifestations are heterogeneous, including complete gonadal dysgenesis, partial gonadal dysgenesis and testicular degeneration syndrome. Early detection and clearing the etiology are essential for treatment options, prognosis and genetic counseling. Here, the possible causative genes and clinical manifestations are reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of MicroRNAs on Early Embryonic Development and Implantation XU Dan, WANG Yu-xia, YANG Hai-ting, PAN Cui-jiao 2017, 36 (6):  498-502.  Abstract ( 1404 )   PDF (828KB) ( 8764 )   MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a regulatory role in early embryonic development and implantation. Abnormal expression of miRNAs may result inabnormal embryonic development and implantation failure by inducing the excessive apoptosis of trophoblasts, abnormal placental angiogenesis, inhibition of endometrial decidualization and maternal-fetal interface immune response. Moreover, the polymorphism of miRNAs leads to the embryo loss by inhibiting the proliferation of trophoblast cells and promoting apoptosis. In this article, the influence of miRNAs on early embryonic development and implantation was reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Role of Granulosa Cells in Oocyte Maturation WU Yu-ping, ZHAO Hui-hui, ZHOU Yu-xia, WANG Li-ping 2017, 36 (6):  503-506.  Abstract ( 1862 )   PDF (838KB) ( 8813 )   The development of ovarian follicle is a complicated process invoved in a variety of cells and multiple stages. Granulosa cell and oocyte are important cells of ovarian follicle. Folliculogenesis requires a carefully orchestrated cross talk between the oocyte and granulosa cells. With the adaption of gonadotropin and other hormones or signal molecules, granulosa cells proliferated, differentiated, exchange material and signal molecular with surrounding granulosa cells, oocytes as well as theca cells through the gap junction. Meanwhile, oocytes can also secrete factors to retract granulosa cells. The interaction between granulosa cells and oocyte involves multiple signaling pathways, which determine the follicle maturation or atresia. Cytokines generation and transmission are changed by some of the over-activated or inhibited signal pathways, which could induce apoptosis. However, the specific mechanism was unclear. This review discussed the follicular formation, the interaction between oocyte and granulosa cells and theca cells during development, as well as signaling pathways. Related Articles | Metrics

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Anti-Mullerian Hormone: A New Potential Index for Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome LIU Xiao-cong, GUO Yi-hong 2017, 36 (6):  507-513.  Abstract ( 1552 )   PDF (920KB) ( 8666 )   Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. It was showed that the level of AMH（Anti-Mullerian Hormone） is closely related to the pathophysiology process of PCOS. AMH may reflect the number of antral follicles, but also the dynamic interaction among various factors such as ovulation disorders, metabolic abnormalities, genetic characteristics etc. In clinical practice, AMH could be used to replace polycystic ovary morphology as one of the indicators of PCOS diagnosis criteria. Additionally, it also plays a role in the differential diagnosis between PCOM and PCOS, evaluation of the severity, prediction of the prognosis and the selection of treatment protocol of PCOS. Based on the present research, AMH could reach the preferable specificity and sensitivity with the level over 5 ng/mL or 35 pmol/L when used in the diagnosis of PCOS. AMH could be used as a potential indication in the diagnosis of PCOS although there was not the consensus, and the confounding factors were not fully excluded in those published clinical trials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Sexual Dysfunction of Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women was Associated with Vulvovaginal Atrophy SU Ting, ZHAO Yuan-chen, SONG Dian-rong 2017, 36 (6):  514-518.  Abstract ( 1503 )   PDF (871KB) ( 8754 )   The peripheral vaginal atrophy-related sexual dysfunction (FDS) in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women is a common disease that can affect the quality of life of many perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. However, its awareness and treatment are very limited. Those perimenopausal women experience the gradually declined ovarian function, with endocrine variation, and decreased estrogen. At the same time, their vaginal mucosa atrophied, elasticity and lubrication will be weakened. Therefore, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction was increased in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. It was reported that FSD was closely related to age, poor lifestyle, endocrine factors, alcohol consumption, chronic diseases, dystocia, divorce and other factors. The treatment of the vulvovaginal ■ FSD in those perimenopausal and postmenopausal women should be based on their symptoms and main risk factors, in order to improve the quality of life. This paper reviewed the risk factors and treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy-related FSD in those perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Related Articles | Metrics