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15 September 2022, Volume 41 Issue 5
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Original Article

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Application of Preimplantation Genetic Testing in Assisted Reproductive Therapy for Couples with Sex Chromosome Abnormalities SHEN Jian-dong, XIE Jia-zi, WU Wei, CAI Ling-bo, WANG Dao-wu, LIU Jia-yin, DIAO Fei-yang 2022, 41 (5):  353-359.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220299 Abstract ( 2609 )   HTML ( 60 )   PDF (2186KB) ( 4458 )   Objective: To analyze the outcomes of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in infertile couples with sex chromosome abnormalities and to explore the risk of embryo sex chromosome abnormalities, so as to evaluate the application value of PGT in the related populations. Methods: The embryo chromosome and embryo transfer outcomes of couples with sex chromosome abnormalities treated with PGT were analyzed retrospectively. The whole genome low depth sequencing was used to analyze the alterations of chromosomal copy number after whole genome amplification of biopsy material from the blastocyst stage. In the freeze-thaw cycles, the clinical pregnancy outcomes of embryo transfer were calculated. Results: A total of 77 detectable blastocysts were obtained in 24 controlled ovulation stimulation cycles from 23 couples with sex chromosome abnormalities, including 6 couples with 47,XYY and mosaicism, 2 couples with 47,XXY and mosaicism, 4 couples with 47,XXX, 8 couples with 45,X mosaicism, 3 couples with X-chromosomal segmental aneuploidy. In 77 detectable blastocysts, 76 (98.70%) were definitively diagnosed, including 40 (52.63%) euploid, 13 (17.10%) mosaic embryos and 23 (30.26%) completely aneuploid embryos. All of abnormal embryos were X-chromosomal segmental aneuploidy in the 3 patients with X-chromosomal segmental aneuploidy; whereas a total of 3(3.95%) sex chromosome mosaic aneuploidies were found in the couples with the other sex chromosome numerical abnormality. Nine (50.00%) healthy live births were obtained during a total of 18 freeze-thaw cycles. Conclusions: The couples with sex chromosome numerical aneuploidy have a low risk of embryonic sex chromosome abnormalities, and PGT is not an essential treatment option; whereas the couples with sex chromosome segmental aneuploidy are at high risk of embryonic sex chromosome abnormalities, and PGT may be considered in combination with ovarian function profile and adequate informed consent from the patients, reducing the risk of sex chromosome abnormalities in offspring. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Chromosome Karyotype Analysis and CNV-Seq in Fetals with Increased Nuchal Translucency HU Yan-ping, YUAN Jing, LI Qin, ZHOU Pei, CHENG Long-feng 2022, 41 (5):  360-364.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220224 Abstract ( 2867 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF (800KB) ( 4397 )   Objective: To summarize the application of chromosome karyotype analysis combined with copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) in the fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT). Methods: Karyotype analysis and CNV-seq were performed in 189 singleton fetuses with NT≥2.5 mm and gestation weeks from 11 to 13+6, and the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities was analyzed. According to the pre-interventional diagnosis indications, they were divided into the simple NT thickening group (n=119) and the non-simple NT thickening group (n=70). According to the NT thickness, they were divided into the 2.5 mm≤NT<3.5 mm group (n=123) and the NT≥3.5 mm group (n=66). Results: Karyotype analysis revealed 31 cases (16.40%) of chromosome abnormalities, including 24 cases (12.70%) of aneuploidy and 7 cases (3.70%) of structural abnormalities, and CNV-seq revealed 38 cases (20.11%) of pathogenic copy number variations (pCNVs), including 24 cases (12.70%) of aneuploidy and 14 cases (7.41%) of other pCNVs. Nine additional cases (5.70%) of pCNVs were detected by CNV-seq in fetuses with normal karyotype. The detection rates of pCNVs and chromosome aneuploidy in the non-simple NT thickening group were higher than those in the simple NT thickening group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the detection rates of other pCNVs (P>0.05). The detection rates of pCNVs and chromosome aneuploidy in the NT≥3.5 mm group were higher than those in the 2.5 mm≤NT<3.5 mm group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the other pCNVs detection rates (P> 0.05). Conclusions: Fetal chromosomal abnormalities were increased with NT thickening or other pre-interventional diagnostic indicators, but they were not significantly associated with other pCNVs. CNV-seq combined karyotype analysis can help to detect the different types of chromosomal abnormalities, to avoid the missed diagnosis of chromosomal structural abnormalities and chromosomal microdeletion/microduplication. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Application of Chromosome Microarray Analysis in Fetuses with Talipes Equinovarus LUO Xiao-hui, ZHOU Wei-ning, LI Yi, REN Cong-mian, HUANG Yan-lin, LU Jian 2022, 41 (5):  365-369.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220103 Abstract ( 2447 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (810KB) ( 4373 )   Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) in the fetuses with talipes equinovarus (TE). Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinic data of 157 cases of TE fetuses from January 2016 to July 2020 who were diagnosed by ultrasound and tested by CMA. The fetuses were then divided into two groups as the isolated TE group (107 cases) and the complex TE group (50 cases). The positive rate of chromosomal variations in each group was analyzed. The positive rates of clinically significant copy number variation (CNV) of the two groups were compared with the risk ratio of low-risk pregnancy cohorts, to analyze whether the risk was enriched in TE fetuses. Results: ①The total positive rate of clinically significant chromosomal variations of TE fetuses was 10.19% (16/157), the positive rate of chromosome aneuploidy was 5.73% (9/157), the positive rate of CNV was 6.37% (10/157), in which the positive rate of clinically significant CNV was 4.46% (7/157). There were no significant differences in the positive rate of clinically significant chromosomal variation, the positive rate of chromosome aneuploidy and the positive rate of clinically significant CNV between the two groups(P>0.05). ② The total positive rate of clinically significant CNV in the TE fetuses and the positive rate of clinically significant CNV in the isolated TE group were significantly higher than those in the low- risk pregnancy cohort, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of clinically significant CNV between the complex TE group and the low- risk pregnancy cohort (P>0.05). Conclusions: The risk of clinically significant CNV in the TE fetuses is significantly higher than that in the low-risk pregnancy population. CMA can improve the detection rate of CNV in the fetuses with TE by about 6% (10/157), while CMA has important clinical value in detecting chromosomal microdeletion/microduplication in the TE fetus. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Cryopreservation Time on the Outcome of Frozen-Thawed Embryos Transplant LIANG Hui-zhi, WANG Zhi-hong, YANG Pan 2022, 41 (5):  370-374.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220059 Abstract ( 2508 )   HTML ( 48 )   PDF (817KB) ( 4292 )   Objective: To explore the effect of vitrification cryopreservation time on the outcome of cleavage embryo transfer. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2020, 3 847 cases of vitrification cryo-resuscitation transfer of cleavage embryos, including 8 767 freeze-thaw embryos, were performed in Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. According to the cryopreservation time of embryos, the embryos were divided into 5 groups: group 1 was ≤1 year, group 2 1-2 years, group 3 2-3 years, group 4 3-4 years and group 5 >4 years. The general situation of patients, embryo thawing and recovery and clinical outcomes were compared among the groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of maternal age at oocyte retrieval and embryo transfer, embryo cryopreservation time, the number of transferred embryos or high-quality embryos on the pregnancy outcome. Results: There were significant differences in the maternal age at oocyte retrieval and embryo transfer, the number of transferred embryos, pregnancy rate and live birth rate (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age at oocyte retrieval or embryo transfer, and embryo cryopreservation time had no significant effect on the pregnancy rate and live birth rate (P>0.05), while there were significant differences in the number of transferred embryos and high-quality embryos (P<0.05). Conclusions: The duration of vitrification cryopreservation had no significant effect on the cleavage stage embryo resuscitation and pregnancy outcome. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Visual Analysis of Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage Based on the Web of Science Database over the Last 10 Years PAN Wan-qing, ZHANG Yi-jie, WEI Wei-feng, HU Xiao-fang 2022, 41 (5):  375-381.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220210 Abstract ( 2147 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (13950KB) ( 4368 )   Objective: To analyze the research status and development trend of recurrent spontaneous miscarriage(RSA) using the Web of Science core collection database and knowledge graphs. Methods: The Web of Science core collection database was searched for topics on recurrent miscarriages between January, 2012 and January, 2022. The scientometric tools CiteSpace (version 5.8.R3) and VOSviewer (version 1.6.17) were then used to visually analyze the publishing countries, institutions, authors, keywords, and cited papers for RSA. Results: A total of 3 116 articles were retrieved. After de-weighting and transformation, 3 116 articles were included. The countries with the most publications were China, USA and UK; the main research institutions were Shanghai Jiaotong University and Fudan University; the most cited literature with the highest centrality was mainly related to RSA of unknown origin; the high frequency keywords were mainly expression, risk factor and natural killer cell. Conclusions: The etiology of RSA is complex and the pathogenesis is unknown. More attention is currently paid to maternal-fetal immune tolerance balance, while other etiologies such as genetic factors and pre-thrombotic states should also be studied in depth. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Status and Influencing Factors of Social Alienation in Infertility Patients XIE Lei, PEI Meng-yue, DONG Lu, LI Shuai-tong, YANG Yuan, HU Jun-ping 2022, 41 (5):  382-385.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220195 Abstract ( 2297 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (803KB) ( 4336 )   Objective: To understand the status of social alienation in infertility patients, and to analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for nursing intervention in the future. Methods: The convenience sampling method was used to select 208 infertile patients who received in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) from The Reproductive Center of The First Hospital of Lanzhou University from July to December 2021. The general data questionnaire, General Alie-nation Scale, Infertility Stigma Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale were used to conduct a cross-sectional survey. SPSS 26.0 software was used for data analysis. Results: The score of social alienation in IVF-ET patients was (38.21±4.30). The score of social alienation was positively correlated with the score of stigma (r=0.520, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with the score of perceived social support (r=-0.271, P<0.01) in IVF-ET patients. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the main factors influencing the social alienation of IVF-ET infertility patients included the patient′s educational level, length of marriage, stigma and perceived social support. Conclusions: There is a certain degree of social alienation in the infertility patients receiving IVF-ET treatment. Medical staff should pay more attention to the patients with low education level and long married life, to reduce the stigma of this group and improve the level of understanding social support of patients, and to reduce the social isolation of patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Case Report

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A Case of 46,XY Female Sexual Reversal Syndrome and Literature Review HE Juan-juan, LIU Kun, WANG Pei-chen, SHEN Meng-dan, ZHANG Xue-hong 2022, 41 (5):  386-388.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220259 Abstract ( 2609 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (2212KB) ( 4321 )   By reviewing the clinical data of an adolescent female with primary amenorrhea, including the abdominal color ultrasound, chromosomal karyotype and peripheral blood chromosomal aberration detection (chip) analysis, and by reviewing the related literature, we discussed the clinical etiology, diagnosis and treatment of 46,XY female sex inversion. Abdominal color ultrasound showed no sexual organs; karyotype was 46,X,max?; and chromosomal aberration detection (chip) analysis of peripheral blood was 46,XY. Therefore, the clinical etiology of this child is related to the abnormal process of chromosomal sex-determining gonadal differentiation. Traditional karyotype detection has certain limitations, and the peripheral blood chromosomal aberration detection (chip) analysis can be used to identify the cause. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case of 17p13.3p13.2 Microdeletion Fetus and Literature Review LI Yan-qing, FU Wan-yu, WU Su-xia, JIANG Yu-ying, WANG Yuan-bai, ZHUANG Jian-long 2022, 41 (5):  389-392.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220130 Abstract ( 2206 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (3651KB) ( 4518 )   A case of 17p13.3p13.2 microdeletion fetus was reported, combined with literature review. This is a fetus with the anencephaly and bilateral ventricle widening, ventricular septal defect and fetal growth restriction detected by imaging examination. Traditional chromosomal karyotype and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) analysis were employed for the genetic etiology analysis. The SNP-array detection demonstrated a 4.3 Mb deletion in 17p13.3p13.2 region of chromosome 17 in the fetus, which covering the Miller-Dieker syndrome disease region. Parental SNP-array verificated that this microdeletion was a de novo variant. It is of great significance combining use of imaging and SNP-array technology to screen and diagnose fetal birth defects. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ectopic Intrauterine Device Causing Uterocutaneous Fistula after Cesarean Section: A Case Report QIAN Min, LIU Xing-yan, LUO Xin-yu, WANG Wen-qi, YANG Lin-dong 2022, 41 (5):  393-395.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220054 Abstract ( 2224 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (2262KB) ( 4340 )   Uterocutaneous fistula is a rare complication of uterine surgery. Intrauterine device is a simple and economical contraceptive method, but ectopic intrauterine device will cause adverse consequences. We reported a case of uterocutaneous fistula that caused by ectopic intrauterine device after 13 years of cesarean. The incision and drainage of the abdominal mass at the scar of cesarean section was performed in the patient at another hospital firstly, but the wound didn′t heal for a long time. She was then diagnosed as uterocutaneous fistula by abdominal fistula angiography after 5 months at the same hospital. After that, the patient was admitted to our hospital for further treatment. In the first one week after her admission, routine debridement and dressing change were carried out. Excision of abdominal uterine fistula was operated after the wound inflammation was controlled. Ectopic intrauterine device was considered to be the main cause of uterocutaneous fistula. Intrauterine device was removed, and excision of belly flaps, uterine fistula and peripheral inflammatory tissue was performed. After operation, she was treated with anti-inflammatory therapy and routine dressing change of wound. At last, she was successfully cured. Removing the fistula completely and eliminating etiology are two key operations to the success of abdominal fistula surgery. More attention should be paid to the follow-up after intrauterine device placement, so as to avoid serious complications caused by intrauterine device incarceration or ectopic. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dissecting Leiomyoma of The Uterus: A Case Report and Literature Review LIU Shuai, LIU Jun, ZHANG Hong-kai, ZHU Mei 2022, 41 (5):  396-399.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220174 Abstract ( 2596 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (4138KB) ( 4342 )   Dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus is a rare benign leiomyoma with the special growth pattern, no special clinical symptoms and no special manifestations in supplementary examinations. The definite diagnosis requires the postoperative pathology and further immunohistochemical examination. We reported a case of dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus, and retrospectively analyzed the clinical data. In this case, the patient was a perimenopausal female and her annual physical examinations showed that the uterine leiomyoma gradually grew, accompanied by excessive menstruation. Pelvic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging results showed uterine leiomyoma with normal tumor markers. Transabdominal myomectomy was performed, and the postoperative pathological diagnosis was dissecting leiomyoma of the uterus. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Juvenile Cystic Adenomyosis: A Case Report and Literature Review MA Wei-wei, XING Ying, DING Yi-qian 2022, 41 (5):  400-403.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220200 Abstract ( 2527 )   HTML ( 27 )   PDF (3506KB) ( 4597 )   Juvenile cystic adenomyosis, a rare type of adenomyosis, is mainly manifested as the severe pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea within 5 years of menarche, and the inefficiency of drug treatment. Pelvic MRI is the most sensitive examination. It was difficult to distinguish the juvenile cystic adenomyosis from the obstructive uterine and vaginal dysplasia before sugury. Laparoscopic resection of lesions is the most accurate treatment for this disease, with a low postoperative recurrence rate. A case of juvenile cystic adenomyosis was reported in this paper. The patient had severe dysmenorrhea over 2 years after menarche. The case was misdiagnosed as obstructive reproductive tract malformation before surgery. Cystic adenomyosis was diagnosed during laparoscopic exploration. The dysmenorrhea symptoms were significantly improved after complete resection of the lesion. This case report combined with literature review is helpful for us to deepen the understanding of juvenile cystic adenomyosis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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Metabolic Regulation of Immune Cells at the Maternal-Fetal Interface and Related Pregnancy Complications ZHANG Yan, XIAO Zhuo-ni 2022, 41 (5):  404-408.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220225 Abstract ( 2255 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF (748KB) ( 4530 )   Maintenance of pregnancy requires a tolerance balance between maternal immune cells and fetal antigens. The maternal-fetal interface, as a key barrier against external stimuli, has been a hot topic in the field of immunology. In addition to the interaction between placenta and uterus, the maternal-fetal interface is also regulated by the superposition of maternal immune cells that make up the decidua. The maternal-fetal immune interface is mainly composed of natural killer cell, macrophage, T cells and dendritic cells which are involved in the tolerance balance and antigen defense of allogeneic fetus. The regulation of cellular metabolism is the cornerstone of cellular biological function, providing a constant source of energy for cells. During the whole pregnancy, the rate and direction of metabolic regulation were accordingly changed in response to the internal and external environment changes. We discuss the metabolic regulation of immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface in this review by linking immunology and metabolism at the maternal-fetal immune interface, so as to provide new insights into immune tolerance and to offer a new therapeutic direction for future research in pregnancy-related diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Signaling Pathways Involved in Embryo Implantation ZHU Xia, LI Hui-zhen, LIU Dan, MA Tian-zhong 2022, 41 (5):  409-413.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220074 Abstract ( 2307 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (745KB) ( 4370 )   Embryo implantation and fetal development are the process of mutual recognition and adaptation of mother and fetus. The molecular mechanisms of this process are complex. However, the exact mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Implantation failure is one of the important causes of unexplained infertility, early miscarriage and repeated implantation failure. Embryo implantation is closely related to endometrial receptivity, and various cytokines secreted during implantation can regulate endometrial receptivity and effectively improve pregnancy outcomes. Current studies have found that the Notch, Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, Wnt/β-catenin, mitogen activated protein kinase, nuclear factor κB and other signals are involved in embryo implantation. We review the research progress of the signaling pathways involved in embryo implantation, as a reference for exploring the mechanism of embryo implantation and improving pregnancy outcome. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Pinopodes for Endometrial Receptivity Assessment XIANG Yi-ning, FENG Wei-wei 2022, 41 (5):  414-418.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220250 Abstract ( 2645 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (795KB) ( 4318 )   Successful embryo implantation is a complex process, which is well regulated by both embryo and endometrium. The precise synchronization between the blastocyst and maternal endometrium is very important. Pinopode, a special cellular process expressed in the endometrium, shows different morphologies with the menstrual cycle, which can be divided into the developing pinopode, the maturated pinopode and the degeneration pinopode. A series of clinical studies have proved that the number, the size of coverage area and the development stage of pinopodes have clinical value in predicting the implantation window and assessing the endometrial receptivity in infertile women. Women with higher pinopode score and wider coverage size of pinopodes, and higher proportion of well developed pinopodes, will have better pregnancy outcomes. The mechanism may include that pinopodes affect the endometrial receptivity by regulating uterine contents, and that pinopodes participate in the blastocyst-endometrial interaction by expressing implant-related proteins. However, the accurate and objective assessment method of pinopode still needs to be explored, while the accuracy of its assessment of endometrial receptivity also needs to be further evaluated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of GnRHa Downregulated Hormone Replacement Treatment Cycle in Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer DUAN Xia, WANG Zhi-hong 2022, 41 (5):  419-424.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220236 Abstract ( 2572 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (818KB) ( 5226 )   Freeze-thawed embryo transfer (FET) has been widely used in clinical practice due to its advantages of the increasing cumulative pregnancy rate and the reducing risk of ovarian hyperstimulation. The quality of transplanted embryos, endometrium and their synchronization are the key factors of FET success. The common clinical schemes of endometrial preparation include natural cycle, controlled ovarian stimulation, hormone replacement treatment (HRT) and downregulation HRT. For the most women, the above conventional schemes can be used for FET endometrial preparation. For special patients such as the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, adenomyosis, recurrent implantation failure and thin endometrium, the clinical effect of conventional endometrial preparation scheme is poor. The pituitary downregulation method is based on the GnRHa pituitary downregulation, and hormone replacement therapy is applied to prepare the endometrium, suggesting that the downregulated HRT cycle can effectively improve the pregnancy outcome of the above special population compared with the conventional endometrial preparation scheme. This paper reviews the related mechanisms of GnRHa down regulation of HRT cycle and its suitable population. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Ferroptosis and Placental Diseases PEI Jiao-jiao, HUANG Chao-lin, CHEN Jiao 2022, 41 (5):  425-429.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220245 Abstract ( 2426 )   HTML ( 32 )   PDF (788KB) ( 4563 )   Placenta is developed from syncytiotrophoblast cells after the differentiation of fertilized eggs. The placenta as a transient organ plays an essential role in metabolism, secretion and physical barrier in fetal growth and development. The material exchange between mother and fetus through the placenta is also a communication mechanism, which is the basis of fetal healthy development and maternal normal pregnancy. It has been suggested that ferroptosis as a unique way of cell death is related to the placental physiology and pathology. Especially in pathological pregnancy, with the decrease of antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation repair ability, the placenta is gradually damaged, eventually leading to placental diseases. To integrate the current literatures on ferroptosis and placental diseases, we review the effect of ferroptosis on placental diseases so as to provide the possibility of the new treatment and prevention for placental diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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CircRNA and Pregnancy-Related Diseases GAO Qian-qian, FENG Xiao-ling 2022, 41 (5):  430-435.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220227 Abstract ( 2236 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (858KB) ( 4358 )   Circular RNA (circRNA) is composed of the non-coding RNAs generated by a noncanonical splicing event which called reverse splicing. In reverse splicing, the downstream splicing site is covalently connected to the upstream splicing receptor site. CircRNA with stable structure widely exists in various eukaryotic cells and organisms. With the rapid development of molecular biotechnology such as high-throughput sequencing, the biological role of circRNA has been revealed. CircRNA has become a star in the field of biological research. Studies in recent years have found the different expression of circRNA in the placental tissue and maternal plasma of pathological pregnancy. CircRNA influences the occurrence and development of pregnancy diseases by participating in the regulation of trophoblast epithelial stromal transformation, placental microvasculogenesis, glucose and lipid metabolism homeostasis during pregnancy, and by mediating the microenvironment of maternal and fetal interface inflammation. CircRNA also interacts with miRNA and RNA-binding proteins, in which regulates placental autophagy and maternal fat metabolism. This paper aims to introduce circRNA and its research progress in pregnancy-related diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Relationship between Reproductive Diseases and Dietary Inflammation Index SHEN Meng-dan, HE Juan-juan, GAO Ming-xia, LIANG Lan-lan, HU Jun-ping 2022, 41 (5):  436-440.  doi: 10.12280/gjszjk.20220285 Abstract ( 2113 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF (750KB) ( 4281 )   Inflammation is involved in the occurrence and development of polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, gynecological tumors and other diseases, and can also affect male reproductive function. Diet plays an important role in regulating chronic inflammation. Dietary inflammation index (DII) as a new clinical dietary assessment tool is used to assess the overall inflammatory potential of an individual′s diet. DII divides the daily diet into proinflammatory diet and anti-inflammatory diet. Studies have shown that the proinflammatory diet is associated with the increased risk of reproduction-related diseases, while the anti-inflammatory diet is associated with the decreased risk of reproduction-related diseases. The proinflammatory diet and its components can increase the level of inflammation in the body, promote the occurrence of chronic endometritis, polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and other diseases. At the same time, this kind of diet can also affect the concentration of male sperm and total motility, resulting in infertility. To review the relationship between DII and reproductive diseases and the clinical mechanism, and to put forward the dietary suggestions from the prevention and control of diseases, will provide us a reference for clinical treatment and nursing. References | Related Articles | Metrics