精子顶体发育相关蛋白的研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjszjk.20220506

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受精是新生命诞生的第一步，在此过程中，精子将所携带的单倍体遗传物质与卵子的单倍体遗传物质融合成双倍体合子。哺乳动物的受精过程涉及到一系列复杂而精细的活动，如精子的超活化与获能、顶体反应以及精卵结合等。精子顶体是一种特殊的膜细胞器，具有帽状结构并覆盖在精子的细胞核前部，在受精过程中发挥着关键作用。顶体的形成主要包括囊泡形成、囊泡运输、囊泡融合和顶体与细胞核结合等过程，其独特的蛋白运输机制需要内质网、高尔基体等细胞器以及某些特殊结构之间的相互配合。顶体形成是精子细胞分化为精子的关键步骤之一，受多基因精细调控，其发育缺陷与包括圆头精子症在内的多种男性不育症有关。综述近年精子顶体发育过程中主要生物学事件的发生顺序中相关蛋白的研究，并介绍了自噬相关蛋白对顶体发育过程作用的新近研究，以期为男性不育症的诊疗提供新思路。

关键词: 精子, 顶体, 蛋白质类, 不育，男（雄）性, 精子发生, 自噬

Abstract:

Fertilization is the first step of a new life, in which a diploid zygote is formed by the fusion between the sperm haploid genetic material and the ovular haploid genetic material. The process of mammalian fertilization involves a series of complex and delicate activities, such as sperm hyperactivation and capacitation, acrosome reaction and sperm-egg binding. Sperm acrosome is a special membrane organelle with a cap-like structure that covers the anterior part of the sperm nucleus, which plays a key role in the process of fertilization. Acrosome formation mainly includes vesicle formation, vesicle transport, vesicle fusion, and the binding of acrosome to the nucleus, etc. The unique protein transport mechanism requires the coordination of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and other organelles as well as some special structures. Acrosome formation is a key step in the transformation of a spermatid into a spermatozoon, which is finely regulated by multiple genes. Defects in acrosome formation are associated with a variety of male infertility, including globozoospermia. This review summarizes the sequence of major biological events during sperm acrosome development and the related proteins, and introduces the recent research on the role of autophagy-related proteins in acrosome development, in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.

Key words: Spermatozoa, Acrosome, Proteins, Infertility, male, Spermatogenesis, Autophagy

常天晴, 吴华, 冯睿芝, 钱云. 精子顶体发育相关蛋白的研究进展[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2023, 42(1): 44-49.

CHANG Tian-qing, WU Hua, FENG Rui-zhi, QIAN Yun. Research Progress of Proteins Related to Sperm Acrosome Development[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2023, 42(1): 44-49.

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