Abstract:

Mitochondria, as a factory that produces energy in the body, produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) while also generate high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS at the high level is detrimental, leading to oxidative stress and ultimately to mitochondrial dysfunction. Oocyte mitochondrial dysfunction may also lead to poor oocyte quality and embryo development, and poor pregnancy outcomes. The newest animal experiments and clinical trials suggest that antioxidants such as resveratrol, coenzyme Q10, melatonin, folic acid and vitamin E may improve human oocyte and embryo quality via improving oocyte mitochondrial function. Antioxidants can improve the reproductive outcomes of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome and premature ovarian insufficiency by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. It is suggested that oral antioxidants supplement before assisted reproductive cycles or the antioxidants added into culture medium of in vitro immature oocytes may improve assisted reproductive outcomes. We reviewed the outcomes of antioxidants applied in animal experiments and clinical trials including its dose and administration route.

Key words: Mitochondria, Antioxidants, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, Oocytes, Embryo quality